Demolition There are typically 5 predominant reasons why a structure may be demolished‚ these may include: Insufficient foundation – This refers to the condition that may become apparent when certain symptoms appear. These may include the floor of the structure becoming uneven‚ cracks running throughout the exterior or interior of the structure walls. Typically‚ weak foundations can originate from insufficient land due to sinking. Another common cause would be that the foundation components and materials
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June 29th‚ 1995 seemed like a normal day to citizens in South Korea’s Economic hub‚ Seoul. It was a bright‚ clear Thursday afternoon‚ and shoppers were drawn to the prestigious Sampoong Department Store; a glistening 5-story symbol of the economic prosperity of South Korea at the time. Just before 6 p.m.‚ with over 1‚500 occupants inside‚ the once proud department store was reduced to a pile of rubble in less than 20 seconds. Once the dust settled‚ the scale of the catastrophe became evident: 502
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Some Limit State Design Experiences in Australia S.R. Lo University of New south Wales‚ ADFA campus‚ Canberra‚ ACT 2600‚ Australia r.lo@adfa.edu.au Abstract: Current limit state geotechnical codes in Australia are briefly discussed. Selected geotechnical projects that benefited from the use limited state design are briefly presented. 1 INTRODUCTION Limit state design in Australia has a short history. The first limit state geotechnical code was introduced by AUSTROAD‚ an umbrella organization
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groundworks‚ foundations and substructures. Millau Viaduct Millau Viaduct is the tallest bridge in the world‚ located in Southern France. The bridge reaches the height of 343 meters and weighs in a 36‚000 tonnes. The bridge was designed by the French structural engineer Michel Virlogeux and British architect Norman Foster. The bridge opened in 2004 on 16th December after costing around €400 million. The Construction of the Millau came in three parts: the concrete‚ the steel and then the final construction
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Chemistry 2: Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Activity 1 PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (Sugar) Rainbow Density Column Introduction As a chemical term‚ “sugar” usually refers to all carbohydrates of the general formula Cn(H 2O)n‚ an organic compound. This exercise is focus on sugar as an organic compound and its properties. Objectives: 1. To identify the properties of organic compound - sugar. 2. To observe some physical properties and changes on an organic compound during the actual conduct of
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Tokyo Skytree Japan has amazed the world in 2012 with the impressive Tokyo Skytree‚ locating at the urban area of Sumida-Ward (part of the mainland in Tokyo‚ Japan). It superseded the position of China’s Canton Tower as the tallest freestanding tower in the world with the height of 634m. This broadcasting tower’s construction cost is USD 806 million owns by Tobu Railway Co.‚ Ltd. and Tobu Tower Sky Tree Co.‚ Ltd.‚ which are part of the Tobu Group that involves in the development of railway‚ theme
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BRIDGE CROSSINGS WITH DUCTILE IRON PIPE ® BRIDGE CROSSINGS WITH DUCTILE IRON PIPE Introduction The Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association (DIPRA) periodically receives requests from engineers and contractors concerning recommendations on the design and/or installation of pipelines spanning waterways‚ highways‚ and railroads. Because the variables involved in such installations present numerous alternatives and challenges for designers and contractors‚ DIPRA does not provide recommendations
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code needs to be looked at and it tells firefighter that the fire inspectors should have caught all the deficiencies long before the fire started on that tragic day. With the lack of inspections created a risk of the building to have a result of structural collapse. Firefighters put there life on the line like they do everyday. With the lack of any safety devices throughout the building it was found that their weren’t any fatalities or any injuries to any of the fire crews or to any victims that
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poor‚ enriching the rich and devastating the environment‚ while few supporters see it as a fast way to universal peace and prosperity. Many developed countries started to liberalise in the 1980 ’s following the imposition of World Bank and IMF structural adjustment policies. Advocates would argue that this liberalisation would help economic growth‚ which will reduce poverty and that countries with more open markets will have experienced higher growth rates that those with protectionist policies
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engineering disciplines and firms. Deep foundations can be made out of timber‚ steel‚ reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete. Development: I- When do we need pile foundations: · Top layers of soil are highly compressible for it to support structural loads through shallow foundations. · Lateral forces are relatively prominent. · In presence of expansive and collapsible soils at the site. · Offshore structures · Strong uplift forces on shallow foundations due to shallow water table can be
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