Human resource management has frequently been described as a concept with two distinct forms: soft and hard. These are diametrically opposed along a number of dimensions‚ and they have been used by many commentators as devices to categorize approaches to managing people according to developmental-humanist or utilitarian-instrumentalist principles (Legge 1995 b). The terms have gained some currency although‚ from a theoretical point of view‚ the underlying conflicts and tensions contained within
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Hard and soft river defences on the Mississippi The dams in the Mississippi river are a hard flood defence. There are two different types of dams on the Mississippi River‚ wing dams and closing dams. Wing dams are built close together with brush and stone structures that extend from the river bank to the channel and closing dams are used to block connections between the main channel and side channels of the floodplains. The advantages of building dams on the Mississippi are that they enhance the
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Rationing systems were a key component of most of the combatant powers’ answers to the hunger question. Some rationing systems—like those of the United States and Great Britain—relied heavily on the reduction of consumer choice. Germany had a rationing system‚ but relied much more on the idea of exporting hunger. The Soviet Union’s rationing system was disorganized‚ and so was Japan’s. Both nations reduced quality and choice for the consumer. The basis of the American rationing system was to make
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According to AAM (1988)‚ the rationale for a program of health care rationing based on age rests on the assumption that society should allocate its resources efficiently‚ and that age-based rationing represents the most efficient method of resource allocation. Within this context‚ it has been argued that since most of the elderly are not in the work force they do not directly benefit
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or not someone should receive medical care. This practice is called lifestyle rationing. In Britain‚ 95 percent of the population receive health care through the National Health Service (NHS). In order to provide care to everyone‚ the government says it must place limits on the care it provides. It must ration.Which is similar to what is happening in the U.S. right now. Physicians should participate in lifestyle rationing! There are many factors related to one’s health‚ however patients that live
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Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms: Hard and Soft CurrenciesCurrency is an item that is exchanged for goods and services. Currency is in the form of paper bills and coins. These paper bills and coins have monetary value and are considered either hard or soft currency depending on the originating country ’s government. It ’s estimated by the Bank for International Settlements that $6.4 trillion is internationally financed by banks around the world and that the total world banking assets
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debated topic‚ and many have suggested that at the core of this distribution is rationing. According to Scheunemann & White (2011)‚ rationing is withholding or restriction of potential beneficial treatments or access to medical services via gatekeeper controls‚ controlled distribution‚ national budgeting‚ government-set prices‚ and provider fees. Healthcare rationing exists in the US healthcare system‚ and in many forms. Rationing in the US is a bottom-up‚ decentralized policy that occurs in both the private
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When I first think of the word rationing‚ I think about the rationing of food during World War II to make sure each solider had enough food. Nevertheless‚ rationing is involved in health care. Health care rationing can come in many different forms and used by health insurers‚ the government‚ and individuals to save money. "Rationing health care in any form implies reduced access to care and potential decreases in the acceptable quality of services offered" (Stanhope & Lancaster‚ 2104‚ p. 133). The
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Soft skills Soft skills is a sociological term relating to a person’s "EQ" (Emotional Intelligence Quotient)‚ the cluster of personality traits‚ social graces‚ communication‚ language‚ personal habits‚ friendliness‚ and optimism that characterize relationships with other people. Soft skills complement hard skills (part of a person’s IQ)‚ which are the occupational requirements of a job and many other activities. A person’s soft skill is an important part of their individual contribution to the
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Soft skills are increasingly becoming the hard skills of today’s work force. It’s just not enough to be highly trained in technical skills‚ without developing the softer‚ interpersonal and relationship-building skills that help people to communicate and collaborate effectively. These people skills are more critical than ever as organizations struggle to find meaningful ways to remain competitive and be productive. Teamwork‚ leadership‚ and communication are underpinned by soft skills development
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