Internal capital rationing Impositions of restrictions by a firm on the funds allocated for fresh investment is called internal capital rationing. This decision may be the result of a conservative policy pursued by a firm. Restriction may be imposed on divisional heads on the total amount that they can commit on new projects.Another internal restriction for capital budgeting decision may be imposed by a firm based on the need to generate a minimum rate of return. Under this criterion only projects
Premium Investment Capital budgeting Finance
Capital Rationing Capital rationing means that there is not sufficient finance (capital) available to support all the projects proposed in an organisation. In an ideal world any project which can earn a positive net present value or earn an internal rate of return greater than the cost of capital should be able to find a source of finance because there are rewards to the providers of capital. However‚ the world is not ideal and there may be restrictions on capital for any of the following reasons:
Premium Investment Net present value
which are explained further below: • “Hard” HR • “Soft” HR However‚ it is important to remember that‚ in reality‚ these two approaches are somewhat academic in nature. In real businesses‚ an HR department or manager would be likely to adopt elements of both soft and hard HR‚ and in many cases would not be interested in the slightest in the distinction! The key features of the hard and soft approach to HR can be summarised as follows: Hard HR Management Soft HR Management Treats employees simply
Premium Human resource management Management Leadership
What is the difference between hard and soft Human Resource Management? Improve HRM is an essential and vital function for organizational success. Areas within HRM like Manpower planning‚ Job analysis‚ Selection and Recruitment‚ Compensation and Benefits‚ Performance evaluations‚ Contract negotiations and Labor legislations are parts of hard HRM whereas functions like Organizational development‚ conflict management‚ human resource education‚ leadership development‚ organizational culture
Premium Human resource management Human resources Management
Hard skills are usually related to professional knowledge‚ tools‚ or techniques that allow us to work within our profession. Hard skills are learned. You are taught them in school or from books. They are a way of doing something; a procedure‚ a best practice. Some examples of hard skills are designing a bridge; developing software; applying taxation laws; and injecting a vaccine. (Lipton‚ 2014‚ p.4) Soft skills are more difficult to quantify. These skills are personality qualities‚ habits‚ attitudes
Premium Learning Soft skills
services requires credit‚ capital‚ foreign exchange‚ and insurance" (Hill‚ page 198). With such vast amounts of money floating in and out of global markets [as in this example]‚ intermingled among numerous currencies‚ participating governments must have some way of protecting their investments and/or transactions. This paper seeks to discuss through examples‚ the impact of the use of hard and soft currencies in aiding in the protection of those investments and/or transactions. Hard Currency According
Premium Currency Bretton Woods system United States dollar
Managing People at Work- Hard or Soft HRM Report The following report will present the hard and soft HRM practices performed by the primary stakeholders of the UK based retail store‚ RetailCom and its frontline manager. Hard and Soft HRM practices focus upon the interdependent organisational issues of a business and its management. Human resource management is a unitarist approach which is used to emphasise the connection between an individual and its organisation. To assess this‚ we must distinguish
Premium Management Human resource management
1. (A) Soft HR treats employees as the most important resource in the business and a source of competitive advantage Employees are treated as individuals and their needs are planned accordingly whereas hard HR treats employees simply as a resource of the business like machinery and buildings. • Soft HR concentrates on the needs of employees; their roles‚ rewards‚ motivation where as hard HR identifies workforce needs of the business and recruits and manages accordingly. • Soft HR Strategic
Premium Human resource management
policies and practice’- Guest 1997 identifies 3 categories of general-level theory: 1. Strategic theories-origin: contingency theory 2. Descriptive theories-origin: systems theory 3. Normative theories: origin: motivation theory Models of HRM Hard HRM (also referred to as strategic management) • Emphasis is on strategy- HR employed to achieve and meet business goals. • Emphasizes the necessity of ‘tight-fit’ between HR strategy and business strategy & goals of the organization. • Focuses
Premium Management Strategic planning Strategic management
DISCUSS HARD AND SOFT MODELS HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Literature Review of Soft and Hard HRM Models 6 3. Discussion on Soft and Hard HRM Models 10 4. Conclusion 12 5. References 13 DISCUSS HARD AND SOFT MODELS HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Introduction Human resource management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization ’s most valued assets - the people working there who individually and
Premium Human resource management Management Human resources