Behaviourism Psychological Theories Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning is a type of learning which is modified due to the consequences of something that happens. This learning theory is based around a theory created by Skinner. Skinner invented a chamber where he kept pigeons and rats. In order for his theory to be successful the animals had to perform simple responses‚ Skinner recorded their responses by a graph monitor‚ the details that he recorded were how many times they responded correctly
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Introduction This study focuses on motivation on why people attend and participate in sporting events; the researcher will be reviewing it based on Psychological disciplinary theories. Sport tourism could be defined as’ leisure based travel that takes individuals temporarily outside of their home communities to participate in physical activities‚ to watch‚ or to venerate attractions associated with physical activities according to Gibson‚ (2006). Individuals seek to travel to either participate
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changes across their life span. It is important to study psychological development to understand how and why people go through certain changes throughout their life. There are many different areas of psychological development. Two main areas are perceptual development and emotional development. They both have theories that can be related‚ but before you can understand the relations‚ you must first understand the two theories. The theory of perceptual development was created by an American Psychologist
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Trauma Theory Psychological trauma can have an everlasting effect on a person’s life. According to Armsworth and Holaday (1993)‚ Psychological trauma occurs when an individual is exposed to an overwhelming event that renders him or her helpless in the face of intolerable danger‚ anxiety‚ and instinctual arousal (p. 49). Anyone no matter what age‚ can experience a traumatic event. However‚ children are the ones mostly affected by a traumatic event. Trauma regardless if it is sexual abuse‚ physical
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Outline and assess the main theories of aggression Aggression is an act of hostility with deliberate intention to harm another person against his or her will. Some psychologists believe that aggression is an important aspect of our evolutionary ancestry and it is understood better in that context‚ whereas others believe that aggression is best explained in physiological terms e.g. the imbalance of hormones or neurotransmitters in the brain. There are many definitions used to explain why humans/
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Psychological Egoism Psychological egoism‚ as a doctrine‚ refers to the notion and ideology that people tend to act and behave in ways that are purposed to fulfill their needs and wishes (Fiester‚ 2012). Generally‚ this point of view endeavors to highlight that most‚ if not all‚ human actions are actuated by rather self-motivated desires that are not easily noticeable. As such‚ it is unequivocal to expound that the proponents of psychological egoism do not advocate or advance for the fact that some
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Describe and evaluate social explanations of aggression. Aggression can be defined in many different ways. Bandura suggests that it is the intent to cause harm to another human being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. One of the main social psychological explanations of aggression comes from Bandura and Walters in 1963. He suggests that aggression is learned either indirectly; through observational learning and only replicated if vicarious reinforcement occurs‚ or directly- where aggressive
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Aggression WHAT IS AGGRESSION? Textbook defines it as ‘behaviour that is intended to harm another individual’ HOWEVER‚ there are numerous examples of behaviours that exhibit aggression: murdering for money‚ verbally and physically assaulting someone‚ accidentally injuring someone‚ working persistently to sell a product‚ and many‚ many more Almost every definition that psychologists have tried to come up with for ‘aggression’ can contradict a perfect example of something that is aggressive
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humans‚ as well as other animals‚ are innately aggressive and this often leads to violence when conflict situations arise. Indeed‚ conflict is an expression of the aggressive component of our biology. Aggression is a fighting instinct directed against people and it often leads to violence when conflict situations arise. To begin with‚ people are prone to use violence because they have inborn learning to it as they used to live in a close-to-nature society where it was the only possibility to
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Discuss one or more socio-psychological explanations of aggression. (24 marks) Social learning theory (SLT) is just one of the few theories that attempt to explain aggression‚ in regards to social psychology. SLT implies that all behaviours are learned‚ and that is by watching‚ or ‘observing’ others. Therefore children learn aggressive behaviours by observing others aggressive behaviours. However‚ it is not that simple. For a child to learn this‚ they must first notice a potential role model
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