the initial concentration of reactants‚ since it is a first order reaction. This is clearly depicted in Figure 3‚ where the alteration of the amount of t-butyl chloride being added to the reaction vessel clearly produced a different rate constant. The findings from Part B of the experiment proved that the reaction followed the SN1 mechanism‚ with the increased concentration of water in the water/acetone mixture causing the reaction rate to increase due to the usage of polar solvents to stabilize the
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haloalkanes and haloarenes according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature from their given structures; • describe the reactions involved in the preparation of haloalkanes and haloarenes and understand various reactions that they undergo; • correlate the structures of haloalkanes and haloarenes with various types of reactions; • use stereochemistry as a tool for understanding the reaction mechanism; • appreciate the applications of organo-metallic compounds; • highlight the environmental effects of polyhalogen
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of this experiment was to compare the relative nucleophilicities of chloride ions and bromide ions in two different reactions. One reaction involved n-butyl alcohol and the other involved t-pentyl alcohol. We performed the reactions and compared the percentages of alkyl chloride and alkyl bromide in the product. To perform this experiment‚ we used methods including heating reaction mixture under reflux‚ extraction using a separatory funnel‚ drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate‚ and refractometry
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1-butanol is SN2‚ and bromide is a better nucleophile. The first reason is that the substrate is a primary alcohol. The SN2 reaction is the nucleophilic attack of a central atom which kicks out the leaving group. A primary alcohol only has hydrogens plus the leaving group attached to the central carbon. Since the hydrogens do not hinder the nucleophilic attack‚ SN2 reaction is favored. The second reason is that bromide is a better nucleophile. Nucleophlicity is an essential factor in SN2 mechanism
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Experiment 7 General Safety Considerations 1. 1-Butanol and 1-bromobutane are toxic and irritating. Avoid all contact by constantly wearing goggles‚ gloves and working in the hood. Neither of these compounds can be poured down the drain. Like all products‚ 1-bromobutane should be turned in to your TA in a labeled vial. Any excess butanol should be discarded in non-halogenated waste. 2. H2SO4 is extremely corrosive. In very diluted form it can be poured down the drain‚ all other precautions
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Experiment 11: Reactivities of Some Alkyl Halides in Substitution Reactions Materials & Methods: Materials used: 1-bromobutane 1-chlorobutane bromocyclopentane Bromocylcohexane 2-chlorobutane 2-bromobutane 2-chloro2-metylpropane 2-bromo-2-methylpropane Crotyl chloride Bromobenzene Benzyl chloride 1-chloroadamantene Methods/Techniques: Physiochemical Research: Reagent | Formula Weight | Density | Boiling Point | Melting Point | Color | 1-bromobutane | 137.023 g/mol |
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Week 10: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions: The Reactions of Copper Data: Part I: Preparing a solution of copper (II) nitrate Initial mass of copper wire: .520g Mass of copper wire after vigorously scouring: .518g Observations of Copper (II) ribbon mixed with HNO3: Solution turned green. Thick brown gas formed. Copper (II) bubbled vigorously. Cu (II) dissolved‚ solution appeared green/blue. After the addition of H2O a blue crusty precipitate formed. Part II: Synthesis of solid copper
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+ R’X R O R’ + NaX Ar O Na + RX Ar O R + NaX Involves a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Halide ion is displaced by the alkoxide or phenoxide ion. Gives best results when 1o alkyl halides are used. Mechanism is SN2. Alkoxides may be prepared by reacting an alcohol with NaH or by reacting an alcohol with Na metal. Phenoxides may be prepared by reaction of phenols with NaOH ROH + NaH ROH + Na ArOH + NaOH RO Na - - + + H2 RO Na + + 1/2
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Syllabus Broadly divided into 2 parts: 1) Pericyclic Reactions i) Electrocyclic ii) Cycloaddition and cycloreversion iii) Sigmatropic 2) Rearrangements i) Ring expansion ii) Carbocation rearrangements iii) Pinacol‚ dienone-phenol‚ benzilic acid‚ Favorskii‚ etc. 3 CA - Quiz Quiz 1 (week 7‚ 1 hour) – Revision of fundamental organic chemistry – Sigmatropic‚ electrocyclic‚ everything up to week 6. Quiz 2 (week 11‚ 1 hour) – Pericyclic reactions and rearrangements 4 Revision Important topics
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Isolation of Recombinant Taq Polymerase for PCR Isolation of Recombinant Escherichia coli IPTG induced Taq polymerase and characterization through polymerase chain reactions‚ Western Blotting and gel electrophoresis * Braeden Cowbrough1‚ Michael Atkins2‚ Christopher Bonner3 From the Faculty of Biochemistry Lab 3006 B Carleton University‚ Ottawa‚ ON K1S 5B6 *Running title: Isolation of Recombinant Taq Polymerase for PCR To whom correspondence should be addressed: Braeden Cowbrough‚ Faculty of Biochemistry
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