c. Topic : Composition of the Atmosphere Details : 97% air‚ mostly gases such as oxygen‚ nitrogen‚ carbon dioxide‚ and water vapour. d. Topic : Sensible Heat and Latent Heat Transfer Details : Heat storage and transfer‚ hidden heat‚ and flow of heat between earth surface and atmosphere. e. Topic : The Global Energy System Details : Solar energy loses in the atmosphere‚ albedo‚ counterradiation and the greenhouse effect‚ global energy budget of the atmosphere surface‚ climate‚ and global change
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emitted by the atmosphere and absorbed by the ground. Let’s look at this in more detail. The energy flows between the surface‚ atmosphere‚ and space. Some of this radiation is reflected back to space‚ but much is absorbed‚ warming the surface. Meanwhile‚ the Earth’s surface emits long-wave radiation upwards. Some of this radiation escapes directly to space‚ while the remainder is absorbed by the atmosphere. What about long-wave radiation emitted by the atmosphere? Although the atmosphere is colder
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and‚ to a lesser extent‚ oceanic circulation) is the heat we receive from the Sun‚ termed solar insolation. The spectrum of light which comes from the Sun is shown above. The spectrum of light in the atmosphere and at the Earth’s surface is shown below. Insolation arrives at the edge of our atmosphere primarily as short wavelength radiation (179 kcal/cm2/yr). The amount of insolation which reaches the Earth’s surface depends on site latitude and season. Imagine a disk in front of the Earth that is
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Scary: Its dark and so silent that I could hear a penny drop. However‚ there’s screeching every few minutes. I can feel a person staring at me but there isn’t anyone there. The lights flicker and I hear a woman scream down stairs. Echoing in the dead silent house in less than a minute. I feel this warmness rush through me and my heart rate has accelerated. My breathing is heavy and I am trying to quietly move down stairs. I feel my hand become saturated with something goopy. My eyes widen as there
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gas giant planets. The density is lower than any of the four terrestrial planets. Jupiter’s upper atmosphere is composed of about 88–92% hydrogen and 8–12% helium by percent volume or fraction of gas molecules. Since a helium atom has about four times as much mass as a hydrogen atom‚ the composition changes when described as the proportion of mass contributed by different atoms. Thus the atmosphere is approximately 75% hydrogen and 24% helium by mass‚ with the remaining one percent of the mass consisting
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presentation begins with a look at the atmosphere‚ since is where the action is in discussions on global warming and ozone layer depletion and anchors with suggestions for local‚ national and global action. THE ATMOSPHERE The Earth and other planets of the solar system are each enclosed in a thin shell of gas called the atmosphere. If the Earth is compared to an orange‚ the atmosphere can be considered the skin of the orange. Layers of the atmosphere Scientists have developed three different
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Chapter 1 1.1 1. Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and the phenomena that we usually refer to as weather. Weather is constantly changing…it refers to the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place. Climate is a description of aggregate weather conditions. 2. Temperature of the air‚ humidity of the air‚ type and amount of cloudiness‚ type and amount of precipitation‚ pressure exerted by the air‚ and the speed and direction of the wind. 1.4 2. Oceans cover 71% of
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on it. Maybe it was true at one time‚ however not anymore. One of the reasons it’s not true is that the most vulnerable part of the earth ecological system is the atmosphere. Vulnerable because it is just so thin‚ if you had a big globe with a varnish on it the thinness of that varnish is pretty much the same as the earth’s atmosphere compared to the earth itself. Therefore it’s thin enough for us to be able to change its composition. The basic science of this theory of global warming the sun
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have been many explanations toward the main causes of the increased warming of the planet. On one hand are the environmentalists who believe that the major cause of this increased warming of the planet is the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere induced by human activities. On the other hand‚ the scientists believe that there are natural causes of global climate change. While the supporters of the man-made theory of global climate change reason that the major greenhouse gas causing global
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photosynthesis‚ it absorbs CO2 from the air. When a tree dies‚ carbon is transferred from the forest to the soil and eventually into the air as CO2. When a factory uses energy to make products‚ it emits carbon into the atmosphere. There are many such exchanges of C02 between the earth and the atmosphere. Our activities distribute carbon and can affect nature’s balance. We can reduce our impact on the natural carbon cycle by making smart choices and reducing our carbon footprint. The most effective way to reduce
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