ECONOMIES OF SCALE AND ECONOMIES OF SCOPE Economies of scale are reductions in average costs attributable to production volume increases. They typically are defined in relation to firms‚ which may seek to achieve economies of scale by becoming large or even dominant producers of a particular type of product or service. A distinction can be made between internal and external economies of scales. Internal economies of scale occur when a firm reduces costs by increasing production. External economies
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Objective Objectives of the study are as follows: 1. To translate Social Connectedness Scale into Urdu language. 2. To assess factor structure and psychometric properties of scale. 3. To establish cross language validation of Urdu translation of Social Connectedness Scale. 4. To find out convergent and discriminant validity evidence. Phase I Translation of Social Connectedness Scale For translating Social Connectedness Scale into Urdu three guidelines recommended by Brislin (1980) was followed. The translation
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THE ROLE OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA Ayozie Daniel Ogechukwu‚ Delta State University‚ Abraka‚ Delta State‚ Nigeria‚ The Federal Polytechnic‚ Ogun State‚ Nigeria Abstract A business whether small or big‚ simple of complex‚ private or public is created to provide competitive prices. Business in Nigeria has been classified as small‚ medium and large. In both the developed and developing countries‚ the government is turning to small and medium scale industries‚ as a means
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An experiment is a study in which the researcher manipulates the level of some independent variable and then measures the outcome. Experiments are powerful techniques for evaluating cause-and-effect relationships. Many researchers consider experiments the "gold standard" against which all other research designs should be judged. Experiments are conducted both in the laboratory and in real life situations. Types of Experimental Design There are two basic types of research design: True experiments
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business environment. These small units often do not process any marketing organization. As a consequence‚ their product quality compares unfavorably with the quality of the products of the large scale industries. Therefore‚ these industries suffer from a comparative disadvantage as compared to large scale industries. (4) Problem of under utilization of capacity: Most of the small entrepreneurs are suffering from
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to improve performance levels‚ accomplish activities‚ experience stimulation‚ and understand a new task. In order to determine if regular play and practice of sport activities are associated with increased vitality to succeed‚ the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS)‚ first published in 1995‚ demonstrated validity and reliability that an Athletes’ intrinsic motivation‚ extrinsic motivation‚ and amotivation was tied to an individual’s overall positive outlook. (Brière et al.‚ 1995; Pelletier et al.‚ 1995)
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The Scale Model Club of the Philippines’ Case Study The Scale Model Club of the Philippines: Managing Fun in a Hobby Club A. STATEMENT OF KEY ISSUES Scale model club of the Philippines (SMCP) is an organization dedicated to the hobby of plastic scale modeling in the Philippines. It was established by five hobbyists in 2001‚ the main goal of which was to develop the full potential of its members in scale modeling. The club has three main purposes‚ (1) to promote scale modeling as a hobby‚ (2) to
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I scored 21/25 on a healthy scale and 13/40 on an unhealthy scale (Appendix A) in the Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale (HUMS). As a result‚ it can be concluded that I interact with music on a more healthy scale than most people. Overall‚ my usage of music can be directly related to mood regulation (Saarikallio‚ Garrido & McFerran‚ 2016). First of all‚ I listen to music to hide from people as it helps me to relax. Moreover‚ music actually relieves me from the human nature of socializing. However‚ I am
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Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS) Areas of Procrastination For each of the following activities‚ please rate the degree to which you delay or procrastinate. Rate each item on an “a” to “e” scale according to how often you wait until the last minute to do the activity. Then indicate on an “a” to “e” scale the degree to which you feel procrastination on that task is a problem. Finally‚ indicate on an “a” to “e” scale the degree to which you would like to decrease your
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miniature‚ rewritable media are usually in the form of flash memory cards Miniature devices are also called as Solid – State Devices. They are entirely of electronics and contain no moving parts. Operate like desktop sized counter parts on a smaller scale. Existence: According to manufacturers miniature storage devices can last anywhere from 10 to 100 years . Range: They can range from about 1 MBs to 10MBs depending on the size of device. Uses: Smaller ‚ Much lighter
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