making it ’wetter ’ so that it is less likely to stick to itself and more likely to interact with oil and grease. Soaps are sodium or potassium fatty acids salts‚ produced from the hydrolysis of fats in a chemical reaction called saponification. Each soap molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain‚ sometimes called its ’tail ’‚ with a carboxylate ’head ’. In water‚ the sodium or potassium ions float free‚ leaving a negatively-charged head. Soap is an excellent cleanser because of its ability
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PERFORMANCE OF ROLLING OIL IN A TANDEM MILL Presented By: Darshan Keshari Mgr (ILS)/ Ranchi Indian Oil Corporation Ltd Acknowledgements: Dr. D. Saxena‚ IOC R&D Sri. S.K. Panda‚ IOC MD Dr. S. Paul‚ IOC R&D Sri. Sunil Kumar‚ SAIL- BSL. PROCESS FLOW DOIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL STEEL PLANT TANDEM MILL FATE OF METAL STRIP DURING ROLLING COLD ROLLING ROLLED COIL ROLLING OIL HAS TO TAKE CARE OF THE ROLL PROFILE AND LOAD FOR EFFECTIVE HEAT REMUVAL AND PROVIDING MINIMUM RECEDUE
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14‚ Chemical Engineering Laboratory Submitted to Prof. David B. Henthorn September 25‚ 2012 Summary The goal of this project was to determine the pre-exponential factor‚ k o ‚ the activation energy‚ E‚ and the reaction rate constants‚ k‚ of the saponification process of ethyl acetate using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 5 temperature between 15 and 25 degrees Celsius. Two trails were performed at temperatures 16‚ 18‚ 20‚ 22‚ and 24 degrees Celsius. The main equipment of the project were the jacketed beaker
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|[pic] | | | | |UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA | | | |FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMA | | | |CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY III | | | |(CHE575)
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this one French‚ discovered the chemical nature of ingredients of soap. Within soap there is a mixture of sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids which comes from oils or fats by reacting them with an alkali at 80°–100 °C in a process known as saponification. Soap molecules happen to be similar to oil molecules which are long and stringy but soap molecules have different ends. The front end of the soap molecule attracts water which makes that side hydrophilic (water-loving). The other end of the molecule
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HYDROLYSIS OF ESTERS Anhydrous alkanoic acids react with alcohols in the presence of heated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) to form an ester and water. This process is known as esterification. This can be represented by the equation: Alkanoic acid + Alcohol (means reversible eq) ester + water Esters occur naturally in fruits and flowers and are described as oily‚ sweet smelling liquids. Vegetable oils and animal fats are esters of long-chain acids. Esters can undergo a range of reactions and
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oap and detergent‚ soap [Credit: © Photos.com/Thinkstock]substances that‚ when dissolved in water‚ possess the ability to remove dirt from surfaces such as the human skin‚ textiles‚ and other solids. The seemingly simple process of cleaning a soiled surface is‚ in fact‚ complex and consists of the following physical-chemical steps: Wetting of the surface and‚ in the case of textiles‚ penetration of the fibre structure by wash liquor containing the detergent. Detergents (and other surface-active
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9.5 – Industrial Chemistry (Option): Δ. Construct word and balanced formulae equations of all chemical reactions as they are encountered in this module: The EQUILIBRIUM Constant: For the basic reversible reaction‚ depicted as: aA + bB cC + dD; Uses of SULFURIC ACID: Fertiliser Production: Creating ammonium sulfate: sulfuric acid + ammonia ammonium sulfate H2SO4 (aq) + 2NH3 (aq) (NH4)2SO4 (aq) Dehydrating Agent: Dehydration of ethanol: ethanol ethylene + water C2H5OH (l) C2H4 (g) + H2O (l) Dehydration
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offer. SPECIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER COOKING OIL; Free fatty acid ( as oleic ) -0.1% max Moisture & Impurities - ? 0.1% max Iodine value ( wijs method ) - 130 min Peroxide Value - Falsh Point - 330 deg C max Unsaponiable matter ? -2.5% max Saponification value ? -190 Colour ( 51/4 lovibond cell ) 2 Red max Appearance - Clear and bright Odour : Odourless and bland WE CAN ALSO MEET WITH YOUR SPECIFIED SPECIFICATION IF YOU INSIST FOR IT. Delivery Detail: 2~4 weeks Origin : Malaysia Loading Port:
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filtered to remove any non-fat solids. Then the potash solution was added to the hot fat. Since water and oil do not mix‚ this mixture had to be continuously stirred and heated sufficiently to keep the fat melted.Slowly a chemical reaction called saponification would take place between the fat and the hydroxide which resulted in a liquid soap. When the fat and water no longer separated‚ the mixture was allowed to cool. At this point
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