Overview of Antifungal Agents George R.Thompson III‚ MD‚ FACPa‚b‚*‚ Jose Cadena‚ MDa‚b‚ Thomas F. Patterson‚ MDa‚b KEYWORDS Fungal infection Invasive mycoses Triazoles Echinocandins Amphotericin Flucytosine The number of agents available to treat fungal infections has increased by 30% since the year 2000‚ yet still only 15 agents are currently approved for clinical use. The greater number of medications now available allows for therapeutic choices; however‚ differences in antifungal
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An Introduction to Probiotics Probiotics are live microorganisms (in most cases‚ bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut. They are also called “friendly bacteria” or “good bacteria.” Probiotics are available to consumers mainly in the form of dietary supplements and foods. They can be used as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).1 To find out more about topics and resources mentioned in this fact sheet‚ see “For More Information.” Key Points
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Cell Size Control David A Guertin‚ Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research‚ Cambridge‚ Massachusetts‚ USA David M Sabatini‚ Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research‚ Cambridge‚ Massachusetts‚ USA Growth in biological systems is defined as the accumulation of mass‚ which leads to an increase in size. In this article‚ we discuss how cells‚ organs‚ and organisms normally control growth‚ and how deregulated growth can lead to a variety of pathological conditions. Introductory article Article
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The Columbian Exchange was a widespread exchange of animals‚ plants‚ culture‚ human populations (including slaves)‚ communicable disease‚ technology and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres following the voyage to the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492.[1]:163 The term was coined in 1972 by Alfred W. Crosby‚ a historian at the University of Texas at Austin‚ in his eponymous work of environmental history.[2][3]:27 The contact between the two areas circulated a wide variety
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w w w e tr .X m eP e ap .c rs om June 2003 GCE A AND AS LEVEL MARK SCHEME MAXIMUM MARK: 40 SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 9700/01 BIOLOGY Paper 1 (Multiple Choice) Page 1 Mark Scheme A/AS LEVEL EXAMINATIONS – JUNE 2003 Syllabus 9700 Paper 1 Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Key D A C C A C D A B A B C B C D A D A C C Question Number 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Key D B B A C C B B C D A C C D B B D B B C
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Alternative splicing: current perspectives Eddo Kim‚{ Amir Goren‚{ and Gil Ast* Summary Alternativesplicingisawell-characterizedmechanismby which multiple transcripts are generated from a single mRNA precursor. By allowing production of several proteinisoformsfromonepre-mRNA‚alternativesplicing contributes to proteomic diversity. But what do we know about the origin of this mechanism? Do the same evolutionary forces apply to alternatively and constitutively splice exons? Do similar forces act
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production‚ sale‚ and consumption. Beer is the third most popular drink in the world‚ after water and tea. Many plants are used to prepare alcoholic beverages. Making alcoholic beverages - involve the action of fungi. Mostly involve the genus Saccharomyces – - convert six glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide - live under anaerobic conditions. - can tolerate fairly high concentrations of alcohol (up to about 14-18%) in the medium. (Know this‚ fermented fruit juice)‚ use graph‚ but any fruit
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MANAGING WASTE AND UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS OF ETHANOL MAKING IN INDIA GLYCOL LTD. Summer Internship Project Report Submitted towards Partial fulfillment of Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Approved by AICTE‚ Govt. of India) Academic Session 2011-2013 Under the Guidance of: Industry Guide Mr. Praveen Srivastava SR. Manager (Production) Faculty Guide Mr. Anoop kumar Srivastava Dr. Shailendra Dube DY. Manager Professor
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1: The Microbial World and You Learning Objectives Go Over First Lecture 1-1 List several ways in which microbes affect our lives. 1-2 Recognize the system of scientific nomenclature that uses two names: a genus and a specific epithet. 1-3 Differentiate the major characteristics of each group of microorganisms. 1-4 List the three domains. 1-5 Explain the importance of observations made by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek. 1-6 Compare spontaneous generation and biogenesis. 1-7 Identify
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anaerobic respiration is included in the process of fermentation. In this process‚ the glucose (C6H12O6) from the feedstock is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid through glycolysis. With the presence of yeast molecules from the yeast (Saccharomyces serevisicie)‚ the pyruvic acid is broken down into Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde then acts as acceptor of the hydrogen which enables to produce a molecule of ethyl alcohol (C2H6O). This alcohol serves as a bio ethanol
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