Vol 454j14 August 2008jdoi:10.1038/nature07190 REVIEWS Genomics of cellulosic biofuels Edward M. Rubin1‚2 The development of alternatives to fossil fuels as an energy source is an urgent global priority. Cellulosic biomass has the potential to contribute to meeting the demand for liquid fuel‚ but land-use requirements and process inefficiencies represent hurdles for large-scale deployment of biomass-to-biofuel technologies. Genomic information gathered from across the biosphere‚ including potential
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purpose of this lab is to determine whether there is an optimal level of sugar added to well water for the added yeast to produce the largest volume of carbon dioxide. Background Information What is yeast? Yeast‚ whose scientific name is Saccharomyces Cerevisiae‚ are single-celled organisms that are a part of the fungi group. Yeast is very capable of alcoholic fermentation‚ where yeast cells primarily break down the sugars glucose‚ fructose‚ and sucrose. The two end products of this fermentation
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Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry‚ Vol. 94 (2008) 1‚ 75–81 FUNGICIDAL AND BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF METAL DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE FUNGICIDES Synthesis and characterization H. S. Rathore1‚ K. Ishratullah2‚ C. Varshney1‚ G. Varshney1 and S. C. Mojumdar3‚4* 1 2 Department of Applied Chemistry‚ Z. H. College of Engineering and Technology‚ Aligarh Muslim University‚ Aligarh 202002 India Indian Institute of Chemical Technology‚ Uppal Road‚ Hyderabad 500007‚ India 3 Department of Chemical
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How would you convince a friend that microorganisms are more than just disease causing agents? An entire kingdom of microorganisms was brought into life 3 billion years ago. Since then «the earth is a fundamentally a microbial planet‚ to which the micro-organisms are recent the relatively unimportant additions» (Wheelis‚ Mark‚ Principles of modern microbiology‚ 2008‚ p.1). The term microorganisms consist of bacteria‚ archaea‚ fungi‚ and protest‚ which can either be unicellular or multicellular
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ABSTRACT There has been an increase in the demand for bio-ethanol from different countries‚ including the Philippines in response to the wide implementation of environment protection laws. Bio-ethanol is ethanol derived from biomass has provided a sustainable source of energy fuel for transportation without increasing environmental hazard( ganguly
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MEDIA FORMULATION Medium formulation is an essential stage in the design of fermentation process. Most fermentation media require liquid media‚ although some solid-substrate fermentations are also operated. Fermentation media must satisfy all the nutritional requirements of the microorganisms and fulfill the technical objectives of the process (1). There are several stages where media are required in a fermentation process; inoculum (starter culture)‚ propagation steps‚ pilot-scale fermentations
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preferred by most microbes for the most advantageous growth‚ although some live in slightly hypotonic solutions. (Alonzo‚ 2008) Growth in NaCl Solutions Samples of S. cerevisiae and S. epidermidis were placed into sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions of 1‚ 7 and 15 percent which were supplied in the lab kit. The S. cerevisiae results are as follows. After 24 hours of observation there was a moderate amount of growth in the 1% NaCl solution which had a cloudy overall appearance and the growth appeared
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Estimation of Duckweed Geometric Population Density Phosphate Depletion By Ana Rosina Alarcon University of Texas at El Paso Department of Environmental Science Instructor: Gebregiorgis Alay G. Introduction Duckweed is a small aquatic plant that is able to grow rapidly‚ making it the ideal specimen for our experiment. It is hypothesized that altering the amount of light received by duckweed will alter its photosynthetic rate. It is predicted that a lower light intensity will
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life-threatening if left untreated‚ causing sepsis if left to run rampant. A yeast delineated as S. cerevisiae appeared purple in this experiment. This would lead one to believe that it is gram-positive as well. However‚ as a fungus‚ the rules do not apply‚ as its cellular structure is different and it takes up whatever color is first introduced. The only traceable source of infection linked to S. cerevisiae is via the use of S. saccromyces as a probiotic during the course of intensive antibiotic treatment
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Does IBD serology change after restorative proctocolectomy? The antimicrobial antibodies seen in patients with IBD likely represent an aberrant immune response to commensal bacterial antigens. Since restorative proctocolectomy leads to anatomical changes in the gut‚ it is logical to hypothesize that it may lead to alterations in the gut microbiome resulting in changes in the antimicrobial antibodies expression. This hypothesis has been tested in a few studies. In a retrospective study of 501 patients
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