ETHICS AND ITS THREATS TO AN AUDITOR BY UADIA CHRISTOPHER 14027674 Ethics Ethics can be defined broadly as a set of moral principles or values The word “Ethics” was derived from the Greek word ethos‚ meaning ‘character’. Ethics are standards of behaviour that describes how people react when they encounter different situations Ethics for Professionals The professional Ethics code is a part of Ethics which answers the question: how should the profession be practised? Professionals
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a. There are three ways of managing reported earnings and the reasons behind each way may be different. (1) Report lower earnings. Managers intend to report lower earnings for mainly three reasons. Firstly‚ they want to hide profit for future use. In some years‚ the company presents a strong performance and has earned huge profit; however the manager may worry that the company’s future performance would not be as strong as current year‚ which gives them the incentive to save the profit by reporting
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positions hurts Field Auditor 2 (Senior Auditor) and Field Auditor 3 (Internal Auditor). That’s just the classification they can be called anything; however‚ it hurts because it’s what’s indicated on the job description. Additionally‚ they posted the minimum salary of $33K & 30K which I’m going to pay a lot more than that which of course hurts things. I’m working with HR to remove the minimum salary‚ move to mid range‚ or something for the next posting. I’m sure that will
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International Research Journal of Finance and Economics ISSN 1450-2887 Issue 20 (2008) © EuroJournals Publishing‚ Inc. 2008 http://www.eurojournals.com/finance.htm The Impact of Dividend Policy on Shareholders’ Wealth R. Azhagaiah Faculty Member‚ Department of Commerce Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post Graduate Studies (Autonomous) (Govt. of Puducherry) Affiliated to Pondicherry Central University Puducherry – 605 008‚ South India E-mail: drrazhagaia@ yahoo.co.in Tel: ++91-0413 – 2255017; Fax:
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The ultimate goal of any financial manager (as well as the firm) is the maximization of shareholders’ wealth. A good financial manager therefore should carefully consider and weigh the risk of undertaking a certain project against the profits associated with undertaking such a project. Capital Budgeting techniques enable the manager to make such decisions. The first question that comes to mind is‚ when making a capital investment decision‚ should we focus on cash flows or accounting profits
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Introduction Milton Friedman wrote‚ “There is one and only one social responsibility of business — to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game‚ which is to say‚ engages in open and free competition‚ without deception or fraud.” Friedman did not support firms acting illegally‚ unethically‚ or immorally; he believed the goal of firms was to maximize shareholder wealth within the legal boundaries of society. Government and citizens
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Maximizing Shareholder Value: The Role of the Financial Manager Today ’s business world shows a huge diversification in the shareholders of one company. In most countries‚ each investor only holds a very small fraction of issued shares by one corporation. This includes also the senior management. Determining the objectives of the firm is not necessarily a straightforward task because the typical firm will have many types of participants. Among these participants are shareholders‚ creditors
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Summary In recent decades ‚the phenomenon that a lot of companies focus on increasing the shareholder value has aroused wide concern among various circles. In view of this issue‚ creating shareholder value maybe is a main point to allow the company to achieve success in their marketplace. According to Alfred Rappaport ‚ there are 10 ways that can create shareholder value. The first one is ‘Do not manage earnings or provide earnings guidance’ .A lot of companies are keen on reducing the spend
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The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1755-4179.htm Shareholder and stakeholder theory: after the financial crisis Terence Tse ESCP Europe‚ London‚ UK Abstract Purpose – The recent financial crisis has restarted the debate of the value of both shareholder and stakeholder theories. This paper aims to continue this discussion. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews existing literature and examines the benefits and problems associated
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result directly in profits‚ for example by sponsorship of sporting events of the opera or other entertainment. Do these projects contradict the goal of maximization of shareholder wealth? Why or why not? Answer: Participating in programs that are socially responsible does not contradict the goal of maximization of shareholder wealth. Having a good reputation from your local community is very important for sustaining a business. Although it remains true that spending on social programs could
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