A 2.45 GHz RFID System for Electronic Toll Collection B. Tech. Project by Praneeth Tammiraju 04007032 Index 1. Introduction 2. RFID in ETC a. RFID – a review b. The actual role c. Technicalities in brief 3. The Reader Design a. The transceiver design b. Circuit description c. The PCB of the reader d. Programmability of the reader 4. The Transponder Design a. Broad Overview b. Redesigning rectifier 5. Communication Protocol 6. Conclusion 7. References 2 3 3 3 4 6 6 7 9
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many different pieces of equipment to one cable. That cable is typically a coax that is connected to a terminator‚ also known as a resistor‚ at each end that keeps the signal from “ringing.” This type of network is usually less expensive than other forms due to its lack of needing multiple cables. This can also lend itself to failure if the cable is cut or the resistor goes bad the whole network goes down and can’t be brought back until that cable is replaced‚ much more difficult than replacing a
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ABSTRACT The effect of equivalent series resistance (ESR) of an output capacitor on the performance of a constant -on-time(COT)-controlled buck converter is studied and a pulse bursting phenomenon is revealed. It indicates that the ESR of the output capacitor is one of the key factors causing pulse bursting phenomenon in COT-controlled buck converters‚ and the critical ESR is derived via. It is pointed out that ‚ when the ESR of the output capacitor is smaller than the critical ESR ‚pulse bursting
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Magnetic effect of electric current is one of the major effects of electric current in use‚ without the applications of which we cannot have motors in the existing world. A current carrying conductor creates a magnetic field around it‚ which can be comprehended by using magnetic lines of force or magnetic field lines. The nature of the magnetic field lines around a straight current carrying conductor is concentric circles with centre at the axis of the conductor. The direction of the magnetic field
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adequately the changes that need to take place and ensure that they are effect in reaching the goal the organization is trying to achieve there are measures that need to be monitored and gauged. The change process needs to include possible opportunities‚ resistors‚ the organizations culture and the effect that the change can have on the culture‚ and future change initiatives. Once the change is determined implementation is needed‚ monitoring the change from beginning stages to the stage of change being successful
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Hoang Ngo Lab 6 report Anita Dey Thursday 8am Abstract: We recently performed a liquid nitrogen experiment in finding the Latent heat of the substance. We isolated two parts of the experiment in order to find out how much evaporation of the liquid nitrogen was from the surroundings B and how much evaporation from the electricity G. 1. When a substance is undergoing a phase transition‚ more heat (energy) is being added to the Substance but its temperature (a way of measuring its energy) is not
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INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL IN ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUITS An Instructional Manual Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Western Institute of Technology La Paz‚ Iloilo City In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course EGC 600 – RESEARCH by Engr. boysie t. tejada March 2012 INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL IN ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUITS An Instructional Manual Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Western Institute of Technology La Paz
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How Does This Thing Work? It operates on a 100 year old proven technology called electrolysis. Whenever you place two pieces of metal in water‚ and apply electricity‚ the water separates into it’s basic molecules‚ Hydrogen and Oxygen (H2O). If you look at the picture on the left‚ you will see H2O molecules connected together in their liquid form which is WATER But when you apply electricity (from your car battery)‚ the molecules separate and form a GAS (called HHO) which is a mixture of
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CHAPTER THREE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the process of obtaining the design specifications of the wireless Frequency Modulated Transmitter with a frequency of 100MHz in a range of 100m under accurate conditions. From the block diagram shown in FIG. 2.1‚ various circuit components are now chosen and appropriate approximate values are now chosen to match its properties as well as perform duties of the stages. The entire system could be grouped into two major stages
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Integrated circuit design‚ or IC design‚ is a subset of electrical engineering and computer engineering‚ encompassing the particular logic and circuit design techniques required to design integrated circuits‚ or ICs. ICs consist of miniaturized electronic components built into an electrical network on a monolithic semiconductor substrate by photolithography. IC design can be divided into the broad categories of digital and analog IC design. Digital IC design is to produce components such as microprocessors
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