Discuss issues of reliability and validity associated with the classification and diagnosis of phobic disorders (8 + 16 marks) A phobia is a persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable which must meet a set of criteria given in the DSM. A clinical diagnosis is made if there is no other possible physiological cause and if the symptoms cannot be better accounted for by another disorder. The individual also recognises their behaviour is unreasonable and the severity of the fear interferes with
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Introduction Wrong or inaccurate measurements can lead to wrong decisions‚ which can have serious consequences‚ costing money and even lives. The human and financial consequences of wrong decisions based on poor measurement being taken in matters as important as environmental change and pollution are almost incalculable. It is important therefore to have reliable and accurate measurements which are agreed and accepted by the relevant authorities worldwide. Metrologists are therefore continuously
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problems is a stable characteristic‚ as it is largely genetically determined (Nairne‚ 2009). Test-retest is typically appropriate for measures with stable attributes‚ but this test’s novel nature makes it an inappropriate technique in regard to reliability. In effect‚ its novelty diminishes after the initial testing‚ producing difficulties due to practice effects‚ reactivity‚ or both. Since it has just 20 questions‚ furthermore‚ it is easier for examinees to remember a significant portion of its items
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Discuss issues surrounding the reliability and validity of classification and diagnosis for Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder which is sometimes referred to as split minds. Sufferers can be known to show symptoms of delusions‚ hallucinations as well as catatonic behaviour. If we are looking at the validity of something it means we are measuring what we are claiming to measure‚ and if we are looking at the reliability of something it means if we repeat the process over
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Test Reliability and Validity: Evaluation of the GRADE A+ Standardized Reading Assessment Assessment is the key to instruction and intervention‚ but according to Salvia‚ Ysseldyke and Bolt (2007)‚ “reliability is a major consideration in evaluating an assessment procedure” (p. 119). Reliability refers to the stability of a tests’ results over time and test reliability refers to the consistency of scores students would receive on alternate forms of the same test‚ for example Test form A and Test
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there are different ways to estimate reliability‚ it is necessary to provide a definition for the word reliability.” Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. A test is considered reliable if we get the same result repeatedly. For example‚ if a test is designed to measure a trait (such as introversion)‚ then each time the test is administered to a subject‚ the results should be approximately the same. Unfortunately‚ it is impossible to calculate reliability exactly‚ but it can be estimated
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Theory The first experiment focused on the concept of errors and uncertainties that are obtained during measurements. For an experiment to be successful‚ especially those that involve measurements‚ the number of significant figures must be known. Significant figures are the digits required to express a measured quantity and thus reflect the accuracy of the measurement. Uncertainty is defined as the smallest increment that can be measured and is defined by the instrument used. An error is defined
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Reliability Improvement Reliability of a scale is improved by pruning of weak items. Deleting a weak item from a measurement scale may sometimes lead to jeopardizing scale’s theoretical construct. When this happens‚ the item needs to be redesigned and revaluated. Wording of items in a measurement scale plays an important role in determining its discriminating power. Weak items in the scale are identified by computing Corrected Item-Total Correlation (CITC) (Ferketich‚ 1991) and Item-Deleted Cronbach’s
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Discuss the reliability and validity of Diagnosis There are many major systems of diagnoses worldwide‚ including the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM)‚ International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‚ and the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD). The DSM is one of the most widely used systems of diagnosis‚ and has undergone several editions. It is currently in its fourth edition. Diagnosis systems function to categorize and diagnose patients with mental
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purpose of the study. To ensure that this was achieved‚ the survey needed to demonstrate validity and reliability. Validity‚ as described by Heale and Twycross (2015‚ 66)‚ examines whether the specific concept has been accurately measured. In contrast‚ according to Floss (2013‚1)‚ reliability refers to the consistency of the instrument to measure the concept. The instrument needed to feature external validity in order for the data collected to be generalised (Heale and Twycross 2015‚ 66). To ensure
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