HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING Primitive Accounting Traced as far as 8500 BC in Mesopotamia through the use of clay like: a. Record for paid wages b. Record purposes‚ as general Pyramids in Egypt‚ for the costs of structures Other places like China‚ Babylon‚ and Greece Middle Ages More formal account-keeping methods were developed by the merchants and banks. Double-entry records first appeared in Genoa in 1340 AD. First accounting book was written by Contrugli in Naples Summa de Arithmetica
Premium Financial statements Balance sheet Economics
Environmental Accounting Where We Are Now‚ Where We Are Heading by Joy E. Hecht Interest is growing in modifying national income accounting systems to promote understanding of the links between economy and environment. T he field of environmental accounting has made great strides in the past two decades‚ moving from a rather arcane endeavor to one tested in dozens of countries and well established in a few. But the idea that nations might integrate the economic role of the environment into
Premium Economics Gross domestic product Sustainability
ACCOUNTING CLERK Wes Ruiz Ms. Cline Accounting 20 October 2011 In this paper I will be telling you about a job of an accounting clerk. The scope of an accounting clerk’s job duties often depends upon the size of the company or organization that he works for. For example‚ small businesses tend to hire “general bookkeepers” to handle all of the financial transactions and record keeping requirements of the business. Essentially‚ a bookkeeper
Premium Bookkeeping Accountancy Accounts receivable
Creative Accounting Creative accounting is a term that often implies illegal or fraudulent practices in the U.S. (Moneyterms‚ 2006). The objective of the following paragraphs is to explore some definitions of creative accounting from different perspectives‚ discuss some advantages and disadvantages of creative accounting‚ and explain a real life example of creative accounting. Through these paragraphs I hope to also touch upon some of the ethical issues involved in engaging in creative accounting practices
Premium Finance Accountancy Perspective
------------------------------------------------- Topic : Companies across the world have started to adopt environmental accounting. What is environmental accounting? Should it be made mandatory? Does environmental accounting help the environment in any way? Give specific examples of how environmental accounting has benefited the environment. ------------------------------------------------- Introduction : The developing countries like India are facing the twin problem of protecting the
Free Environmentalism Pollution Sustainability
Accounting Principles: A Business Perspective‚ Financial Accounting (Chapters 1 – 8) A Textbook Equity Open College Textbook originally by Hermanson‚ Edwards‚ and Maher Fearless copy‚ print‚ remix(tm) www.textbookequity.com www.opencollegetextbooks.org ISBN-13: 978-1461088189 ISBN-10: 1461088186 License: CC-BY-NC-SA p. 1 of 433 About This Publication Simply put‚ you may copy‚ print‚ redistribute‚ and re-purpose this textbook or parts of this textbook provided that you give attribution
Premium Certified Public Accountant Accountant Accountancy
TAKE HOME EXAMINATION MAY 2012 SEMESTER SUBJECT CODE : MAF656 SUBJECT TITLE : ADVANCED ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE LEVEL : DOCTOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION STUDENT’S NAME : SARAVANAN KOLAN DE VELU MATRIC NO. : M70205120002 PROGRAMME : DBA ACADEMIC FACILITATOR : PROF. DR.MOHAMMAD ADAM BAKAR LEARNING CENTRE : KL-HEAD OFFICE INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS 1) This assignment consists of THREE (3) questions. Answer ALL questions. 2) Plagiarism in
Premium Audit Financial statements Income statement
depositors. Begin with accounting principles from Islamic perspective‚ this paper discusses the concept of accrual and cash basis and scholar opinion about this basis of accounting. Both accrual and cash basis implementation with its advantages and disadvantages also discuss in this paper. An alternative method to improve fair and just between bank and customer is proposed. 1. Introduction The growth of Islamic financial market and institution create the need for different accounting requirement. This
Premium Islamic banking Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Income statement
Creative Accounting AC4001 12/13/2013 ‘Many investors now believe that companies can manipulate their accounts more or less at will‚ with the aim of producing profits that increase steadily over time. Provisions are bumped up in good years and later released‚ or the value of an acquisition is slashed; there are plenty of tricks.’ In your opinion is it possible to eliminate creative accounting? I do not think that creative accounting practice can be eliminated completely. However‚ I do
Premium Enron Audit Accounting scandals
International Business College Taft Campus. This study limits its coverage on the first-year accounting students only. It ’s main purpose is to identify the feedback of the accountancy students towards their course. And this study focuses on the current first-year students of the present school year‚ 2012-2013. Chapter II Review of Related Literature Accounting Baysa and Lupisan (2011) defined accounting as a
Premium Research Scientific method Education