of an object is determined using a process called titration. According to Petrucci et al.‚ titration is a reaction carried out by the carefully controlled addition of one solution to another. It has several types like acid-base titrations and redox titrations. This experiment focuses on the latter type‚ the redox titration. A redox titration is based on an oxidation-reduction reaction between analyte and titrant (Harris‚2009). It involves the transfer of electrons between the two solutions. This
Premium Titration Potassium permanganate Oxidizing agent
ACID RAIN Acidified particulate matter in the atmosphere that is deposited by precipitation on to a surface‚ often eroding the surface away. This precipitation generally has a pH less than 5and some times much lower depending upon the concentration of acidic components. Acidic deposition principally by the pollutant gases such as sulphur dioxide (so2) and the nitrogen oxides cause acidic deposition. The burning of fossil fuels‚ such as coal‚ forms Sulphur dioxide. that contain high quantities of
Premium Acid rain Sulfur dioxide Oxygen
experiment‚ equilibrium will be examines in the reaction beteween the iron (III) ion and the thiocyanate ion: Fe3+ (aq) + SCN- (aq) ------ FeSCN2+ (aq) The FeSCN2+ complex ion has a blood red color while the iron and the thiocyanate ion are colorless. Therefore‚ the shift in the reaction can followed by noting a change in the intensity of the clood red color‚ which indicates a change in the concentration of the complex ion FeSCN2+. If the reaction shifts to the right‚ the blood red color will get
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Hydrogen
Lab 1: Acid/Base Properties of an Antimicrobial Agent 09/03/13 Purpose The purpose was to determine the acid and base properties of the antimicrobial agent sodium benzoate. Theory Sodium has mainly been used in food processing to avoid growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms. It is commonly used to preserve foods and beverages that have an acidic pH. Rather than benzoic acid‚ sodium benzoate is used because it is generally soluble in most aqueous solutions but benzoic acid is not
Premium PH Acid
Preparing Esters by esterification method using carboxylic acid to an alcohol‚ which is 1.0 ml of ethanoic acid to the ethanol‚ and ethanoic acid to the propan-1-ol‚ also adding H2SO4 as a catalyst for the reaction Abstract: Esters are a group of organic compound‚ famous for their interesting odours and smells. In this investigation student used ethanoic acid and ethanol with sulfuric acid as catalyst to produce ester‚ which was known of its smell. However it was expected to have a pleasant smell
Premium Acetic acid Ester
BUFFERS By: Luis P. Bazan‚ RPh.‚ Ph.D. A buffer solution is a solution of: 1. A weak acid or a weak base and 2. The salt of the weak acid or weak base Both must be present! A buffer solution has the ability to resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of either acid or base. Consider an equal molar mixture of CH3COOH and CH3COONa CH3COOH (aq) H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq) Adding more acid creates a shift left IF enough acetate ions are present 16.3 Which of the following
Premium Acid dissociation constant Buffer solution PH
A. Title – Acid-Base Extraction with Separatory Funnel B. Introduction – The main objective of the experiment was the extract an acid‚ a base‚ and a neutral compound from a 2:1:1 compound of benzoic acid‚ p-nitroaniline‚ and azobenzene. In theory‚ an extraction technique based on phase distribution should allow two immiscible solvents to separate with a portion of the solute distributed into each. Using a separatory funnel‚ acids were extracted with bases (NaOH)‚ and bases were extracted
Premium Chlorine Sodium chloride Acid
Name: Citric acid Chemical Name: 2-hydroxypropane-1‚2‚3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical Formula: C6H8O7 Chemical Structure: pH: 4.18‚ 3.90‚ 3.57 Classification: Weak acid Uses: It is a natural preservative/conservative and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and drinks. It is also used mainly as an acidifier‚ as a flavoring‚ and as a chelating agent. Name: Vinegar acid Chemical Name: Acetic acid or ethanoic acid Chemical Formula: C2H4O2 Chemical Structure:
Premium Acetic acid Carboxylic acid Vinegar
DETERMINATION OF FRUIT ACIDS BY TITRATION AND CALCULATION OF THE SUGAR/ACID RATIO It is the sugar/acid ratio which contributes towards giving many fruits their characteristic flavour and so is an indicator of commercial and organoleptic ripeness. At the beginning of the ripening process the sugar/acid ratio is low‚ because of low sugar content and high fruit acid content‚ this makes the fruit taste sour. During the ripening process the fruit acids are degraded‚ the sugar content increases and
Premium Acid PH indicator PH
Chemical Reactions & Equations CHEMICAL REACTION : In a reaction when the original state of the particle changes and it cannot be reversed by simple physical means‚ this type of reaction is known as chemical reaction. Example :- Fermentation of grapes‚ burning of wood etc. In this reaction we have seen that after burning of wood‚ coal is formed and we cannot make wood from coal. PHYSICAL REACTION : In a reaction when original state of the particle can be recovered by any means then this type of
Premium Chemical reaction Hydrogen