2013 “Reaction Classes and Pericyclic Reactions” ● 4 Lectures ● Recommended Texts: (i) J. March “Advanced Organic Chemistry”‚ p 839‚ `---Edn.‚ Oxford (W); Warren (2) Ch 34‚ 35. Syllabus 1) General principles (a) Reaction classes (i) Heterolytic (ii) Homolytic (iii) Pericyclic (b) Pericyclic Reaction Types 2) Electrocyclic Reactions (a) Definition and examples (b) Stereochemical aspects and the Woodward and Hoffmann rules 3) Cycloaddition Reactions (a) Definition
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find the order of a reaction Introduction When peroxodisulfate (VI) ions and iodide ions react together in solution they form sulfate (VI) ions and iodide. This reaction is shown below: S2O82-aq+ 2I-aq SO42-aq+ I2(aq) The reactants and the sulfate (VI) ions are colourless however the Iodine is a yellow/brown colour. This allows you to measure the progress of the reaction through the colour change when the iodine is produced. In order to determine the order of the reaction we need to measure
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non-spontaneous chemical reaction. During electrolysis‚ hydrogen atoms (H2) are reduced at the cathode whereas the oxygen atoms (O2) are oxidized at the anode. There were three different solutions used in the experiment in order to have a better understanding of electrolysis reactions. From each solution‚ reaction equations were produced. The reactions could be observed from the indicators used. The reactions showed that hydrogen ions were produced at the anode‚ making it acidic and hydroxide ions were produced
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activation energy for the iodine clock reaction Introduction: The iodine clock reaction is a presentation of chemical kinetics‚ which are the elements that affect the rate of chemical reactions. When the two colorless solutions are incorporated together‚ no reaction can be spotted. But after a short period of time‚ the solution turns into a dark blue solution. The term rate of reaction is stated as the decrease in the concentration of one of the reactions or the increase in the concentration of
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Experiment A1: Kinetics of the Reaction between Acetone and Iodine The key aim of this experiment was to determine the rate equation for the acid-catalysed iodination of acetone and to hence consider the insinuations of the mechanism of the rate equation obtained. The stoichiometric equation for the reaction between iodine and acetone is below‚ followed by the rate equation (where x‚y‚z and k are the values to be obtained): I2 + CH3COCH3 CH3COCH2I + HI -d[I2]/dt = k [I2]x [CH3COCH3]y [H+]z
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This experiment is to show how much carbon dioxide is produced during the reaction between an acid (hydrochloric acid) and marble. Equipment: Hydrochloric Acid (20ml) - 0.5M‚ 1M‚ 2M Marble Chips (2g per test) Large Measuring Cylinder Plastic Bowl (3/4 full of water) Rubber Tubing Glass Conical Flask Stopwatch Method The first thing that we did was fill the plastic bowl with water. We only filled it up 3/4 of the way because otherwise the water displaced into
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Title Experiment 17 Reaction Kinetics- Determination of the Activation Energy of the Reaction Between Oxalic Acid and Potassium Permanganate. Objective To determine the activation energy of the reaction between oxalic acid and potassium permanganate. Theory and Background Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that is required to activate atoms or molecules to a condition in which they can undergo chemical transformation or physical transport. In terms of the transition-state
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Abstract This experiment is to study the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between potassium permanganate with oxalic acid. We used 2cm3 of 0.02M potassium permanganate and 4cm3 of 1M sulphuric acid into a test tube. In another test tube‚ we placed 2cm3 of oxalic acid. We placed the test tubes in a water bath at 40‚ 45‚ 50‚ 55 and 60oC respectively. When the solutions have attained these temperatures pour the oxalic acid into the acidified permanganate solution and recorded the time
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Subject: Chemistry SL Title: Preparation of a salt (lead iodide) by using precipitation method. Aim: To produce 1.50 g of lead iodide‚ PbI2‚ assuming 100 % conversion‚ using 1.00 g solid potassium iodide‚ KI‚ and 0.1 M lead nitrate‚ Pb(NO3)2 solution of volume 30 cm3 and hence calculate percentage yield. Calculations: 2KI(s) + Pb(NO3)2( aq) —> PbI2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq) Mass of PbI2 to be produced = 1.5 g Moles of PbI2 = = 0.003 Moles of KI = 0.003*2 = 0.006 Mass of KI = 0.006*166 = 1.00 g
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Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions Introduction In this paper you learn about the reactions that occur between backing soda and lemon juice. We will also describe what is occurring with the molecules on a molecular level. Lastly we will explain what chemical bonds are formed and or broken when lemon juice and backing soda. Observations of the Reactants When most people hear baking soda they think of the bright orange box sitting in their pantry or refrigerator soaking up the foul odors
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