Thorium‚ as well as uranium and plutonium‚ can be used as fuel in a nuclear reactor. Here’s how it works. When Th232 absorbs a neutron it becomes Th233‚ which is unstable and decays into protactinium-233 and then into U233. That’s the same uranium isotope we use in reactors now as a nuclear fuel‚ the one that is fissile all on its own. Thankfully‚ it is also relatively long lived‚ which means at this point in the cycle the irradiated fuel can be unloaded from the reactor and the U233 separated from
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every step of the open-pit mining process. Hardrock mining exposes rock that has lain unexposed for geological eras. When crushed‚ these rocks expose radioactive elements‚ asbestos-like minerals‚ and metallic dust. During separation‚ residual rock slurries‚ which are mixtures of pulverized rock and liquid‚ are produced as tailings‚ toxic and radioactive elements from these liquids can leak into bedrock if not properly contained. Underground Mining Underground mining has the potential for tunnel collapses
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IB Questionbank Physics Energy‚ Power and Climate 1. In which of the following places will the albedo be greatest? A. B. C. D. A forest A grassland An ocean A polar ice cap (Total 1 mark) 2. A spherical black body has absolute temperature T1. The surroundings are kept at a lower absolute temperature T2. What is the net power per unit area lost by the body? A. B. C. D. σT14 σT24 σ(T14 – T24) σ(T14 + T24) (Total 1 mark) IB Questionbank Physics 1 3. What is the unit of surface heat capacity
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U216 Environment: change‚ contest and response TMA U216 06 Question 1 Our responses to environments will not be effective until they take into account the complexities of the responses of environments. Environmental systems can be complicated. When responding to an environment we need to carefully assess how that particular environment might react. What might seem like a straightforward answer to a particular environmental problem can lead to unforeseen complications. This essay seeks
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activity. This idea was supported by the photatic behaviour of the organisms‚ and also by later experiments that showed that no development takes place without the presence of light. Melvin Calvin‚ James Bassham‚ and Andrew Benson studied the radioactive isotope carbon-14 and resulted in the discovery of the
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fissile material‚ a material capable of sustaining a chain reaction of nuclear fission‚ is assembled into a supercritical mass which is the amount needed to start a chemical reaction. However‚ fusion weapons have to rely on fusion reactions between isotopes of hydrogen. Both of these reactions release enormous quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. This amount of energy released is equivalent to the amount of about 20‚000 tons of TNT. However‚ the thermonuclear bomb‚ a nuclear
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Nuclear Chemistry webquest by Margaret Moore semester 1 Chemistry Part One 1) The term Half-life for a radio-active substance means the time it takes for the substance to decay while decreasing by ½. 2) Spontaneous fission is a type of radioactive decay in heavy elements with unstable nuclei being split into more stable smaller fragments 3) Two important application of neutron radiation are neutron therapy for tumors/cancer and neutron bombs for defense. 4) Ionization radiation is radiation
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The process can be seen in figure 15. Figure 15‚ nuclear fusion In addition‚ nuclear energy is a form of energy that can be harnessed from an atomic nucleus‚ and can be released by radioactive decay‚ fusion‚ or fission. This source of energy makes use of the power of nuclear reactions to release energy for the use of electricity‚ heating‚ and also propulsion. Nuclear energy is released when materials like uranium‚ is concentrated so
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scientific equipment and the observers‚ and the Enola Gay to carry the bomb. Enola Gay was named after the pilot‚ Colonel Paul Tibbets‚ after his mother. The atomic bomb was named “little boy”. "Little Boy" was created using uranium-235‚ a radioactive isotope of uranium.
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Selenium‚ found in group 16 of the periodic table‚ follows a cycle in the environment as it transfers between the biosphere‚ atmosphere and hydrosphere. It is also an essential element for humans and animals. It can cause both deficiencies and toxic effects if not taken in the correct quantities. This essay outlines the general features and behaviour of Se in the primary environment‚ its general abundance and its ability to substitute into minerals. Its Eh and pH also are important factors in determining
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