Born on April 1‚ 1815 to an aristocratic family at Schoenhausen in Prussia‚ Otto von Bismarck was born into a Germany that consisted of Austria‚ Prussia‚ thirty-three other principalities‚ and four free cities. Each of these places together became the German Confederation‚ created at the Congress of Vienna. As a child‚ Bismarck was not a particularly outstanding
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Absolutism in Europe changed the role of nobility completely in every country. For example‚ in France‚ nobles lost a lot of their power due to Louis XIV and his predecessors; also‚ in Eastern Europe‚ rulers such as Frederick William of Prussia changed the status of the nobility with his polices. In France‚ starting with Henry IV‚ the status of nobility started to fall when Henry started the idea of "nobles of the robe" in which middle class citizens could buy nobility from the king.
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begin‚ the European powers built an arc of buffer states on the eastern borders of France at the Congress of Vienna. First‚ they joined Belgium with the Netherlands to form a new Kingdom known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands. Then‚ they gave Prussia the Rhineland --- the land adjacent to the eastern borders of France. Finally‚ they strengthened the southeastern border state of France‚ Piedmont‚ by giving her two French provinces of Savoy and Nice. In building stronger buffer states along France’s
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there was no ’power balance’ rule ’that meant that states always acted in a definite way when responding to certain triggers. If we study a single incident-unification of Germany in the early 1870’s-we believe can add to this point. On this occasion‚ Prussia‚ which had always been significantly growing power of the last ten years‚ and had been a protagonist in two European wars were permitted during this time to attack and defeat France and use the political momentum to unite the remaining southern states
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In the years leading up to 1848‚ there had been a growing battle between conservative and liberal ideologies. Economic struggles brought government to the forefront of many people’s minds and with that‚ the divide between these two ideologies increased. The year before 1848 had brought poor yields to the harvests which caused inflation of food prices across the continent. On top of this‚ unemployment was on the rise as industrial conditions worsened. Cities filled with the developing working class
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down to logistics and organisation‚ in which the French were severely lacking. Although it would be too deterministic to ‘explain Bismarck’s success solely by the mistakes of his opponents’‚ there were still many issues that made it much easier for Prussia to continue its victories streak and establish and unified Germany. Mirroring the result
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European rulers wanted to restore the old order. Great Britain‚ Austria‚ Prussia‚ and Russia met at the Congress of Vienna. They met to arrange a final peace settlement. The most influential leader was the Austrian foreign minister‚ Metternich. He wanted the royal families to be restored to their positions of power. They also wanted to keep any one country from dominating Europe. They gave new territories to Prussia and Austria. To keep the balance of power‚ the countries agreed to meet and
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several different nationalities – would have been unable to adopt a policy of nationalism. Doubtless‚ a loose confederation in Germany would have followed‚ but with Prussia as only a minor power. The 1870 battle with France could have been avoided and Franco-German relations would have stayed intact (avoiding fifty years of hatred). Prussia and Britain had numerous imperial rivalries due to both having the desire for complete continental power. If Austria had dominated Germany‚ Britain would have been
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the Vatican‚ the Jesuits (a religious order pledged to the spread of Catholicism) were forbidden from preaching or entering schools. The Jesuits were then expelled from Prussia and anti-Jesuits campaigns gradually began to spread amongst the country leading to a rise in catholic outrage. It was a series of laws passed in Prussia between 1873 and 1875 that Bismarck intensified this KulturKampf. In 1873 the ‘May’ laws were introduced to put the Catholic Church under closer control by the government
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Grade 12 West & the World – Unit Test #3 Review Industrial Revolution Economic‚ Social‚ Political & Intellectual Changes – Economic: New innovations result in increase in production of goods‚ and trade. New ways of organizing human labor = increase in productivity. Changed the way banks and stock exchanges operated Brought a new understanding of economics Social: Transformed the way people made a living. Made new middle class – “working class” Changes in family lifestyle and
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