Definitions of Psychology Psychology History & Perspectives 1.“the science of mental life” (William James‚ 1890) 2. “the study of human or animal behaviour” (Webster’s Dictionary‚ 1988) 3. “the scientific study of behavior and the mind” (Passer & Smith‚ 2004) Roots of the Word psyche Greek for the “soul” Related Fields I. Philosophy Rene Descartes (1595-1650) •dualism (interactionism) • mind is nonphysical entity • mind and body are separate‚ distinct entities involved in
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Journal of Applied Psychology 1973‚ Vol. 58‚ No. 1‚ 116-121 EFFECTS OF ITEM FORMAT ON ITEM DISCRIMINATION AND DIFFICULTY ARTHUR L. DUDYCHA 1 AND JAMES B. CARPENTER 2 Purdue University The tests and measurement literature is replete with multiple-choice item construction rules‚ most of which have little or no empirical verification. Item stem orientation (positive/negative)‚ structure (open/closed)‚ and the presence or absence of an inclusive alternative were systematically investigated
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Psychology of Music http://pom.sagepub.com Music listening‚ coping‚ peer affiliation and depression in adolescence Dave Miranda and Michel Claes Psychology of Music 2009; 37; 215 originally published online Mar 10‚ 2009; DOI: 10.1177/0305735608097245 The online version of this article can be found at: http://pom.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/2/215 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Society for Education‚ Music and Psychology Research Additional services
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Organizational Psychology Paper February 18‚ 2013 PSY/428 Douglas Lalama Organizational Psychology Organizational psychology is a very interesting field of work. Within the field it studies individuals work behavior through an organization which is basically “the scientific study” of the workplace. The purpose of organizational psychology is to insure improvement in a workplace. It also can lead to assisting better interaction with employees to create a increased work environment. Companies
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January 9‚ 2013 Unit 1 Discussion Board Aspects of Psychology Which do you think is more effective‚ reinforcement or punishment? As far as which is more effective‚ I can see the pros and cons for each. If a person is punished for something they do‚ they might think twice about performing that same action in the future. Negative reinforcement- An example of this type of reinforcement could be when your parents ask you week after week to clean your room. The reactions you are feeling from
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Color sells products. It is a powerful marketing tool that significantly influences consumer purchases‚ so much so that it accounts for 85% of the reason why someone decides to purchase a product (Hemphill 275). Marketers must understand the psychology of color in order to employ it effectively. Colors possess the ability to take an action and influence human behavior and emotion‚ and when properly used can be a vital tool in a successful marketing scheme. Crowley found that a physiologically
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Humanistic psychology evolved in the 1960s as a reaction to psychodynamic psychology and behaviorism. (Moore‚ 2001). Humanistic psychology is of the thought that we are all exceptionally individuals and the individual owns their lives to the point of autonomy. Carl Rogers‚ one of the pioneer for Humanistic psychologist‚ explained that to be fulfilled as an individual has to believe and trust in one self. If on the other hand‚ the individual has not trust or self-belief then the person encounters
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PSYCHOLOGY AT WORK Health Psychology In the field of physical health and psychological well-being‚ health psychology specializes in exploring biological‚ psychological‚ cultural‚ societal‚ and environmental factors of life‚ and how each of these affects physical health. There are some who include the spiritual or religious aspects to this model; however‚ traditionally the model includes biological‚ psychological‚ and social components. While it may be common knowledge among certain populations
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Psychology Today Volume 3‚ Episode 5 Submitted: January 18th‚ 2003 First Revision: January 28th‚ 2003 Second Revision: February 3rd‚ 2003 Accepted: February 20th‚ 2004 Publication Date: February 23rd‚ 2003 Does Eating Chocolate Cause Acne? Victor Seo Toronto University ABSTRACT It is often said that eating chocolate will give you acne. To further this idea‚ 400 students from high schools are divided into 4 groups and each group is given different amounts of chocolate daily
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I. Purpose of paper: Child Psychology‚ study of children’s behavior-including physical‚ cognitive‚ motor‚ linguistic‚ perceptual‚ social‚ and emotional characteristics-from birth through adolescence. Child psychologists attempt to explain the similarities and differences among children and to describe normal as well as abnormal behavior and development. They also develop methods of treating social‚ emotional‚ and learning problems and provide therapy privately and in schools‚ hospitals‚ and
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