Xylem and Phloem Research Task 3/8/2014 Xylem and phloem are the conducting elements of vascular plants. They function in the transport of water‚ nutrients‚ sugars‚ proteins and RNA throughout the plant. The xylem and phloem are generally found together in vascular bundles and can lie in various positions relative to each other. (Plant Vascular System Development) The term phloem originates from the Greek word‚ phloios‚ meaning “bark”. (Merriam-Webster) In vascular plants‚ phloem is the
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The primary xylem and primary phloem tissues are pushed inward into the] pith and outwards respectively by the continuous production of secondary tissues cut I off by the cambium ring. The primary xylem is gradually pushed inward and is found at the centre of the axis; whereas‚ the primary phloem‚ being soft in nature‚ gets completely crushed. These activities in the stelar region exert a great pressure outwardly. The cortex cells‚ the pericycle and the epidermis divide anticlinally to cope
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transports water and mineral ions from the roots to all other parts of the plant. Phloem tubes transport food made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. Neither of these systems has a pump‚ this is because they are not as active as animals and do not need such rapid supplies of food. Neither xylem nor phloem transports oxygen as oxygen gets to a plants cell by diffusion. Both stems and roots contain xylem vessels and phloem tubes. In a stem these are grouped into vascular bundles arranged in a ring
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scale | simple hair | glandular | branching | stellate | 7.1 Draw and identify the tracheary elements. reticulate | annular | pitted | scalariform | helical | 8.1 Differentiate the sieve tubes from the companion cells. The sieve tubes in the phloem are composed of long‚ narrow cells which lack a nucleus‚ ribosomes‚ and some other cellular components; they transport sugars and other organic nutrients. Companion cells have nuclei and ribosomes that also serve the sieve-tube cells but do not themselves
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Syllabus topic: Cell structure Aim: To observe and draw transverse sections of parenchyma‚ collenchyma‚ sclerenchyma‚ xylem‚ phloem and epidermal cells using a light microscope. Apparatus and Materials: Light microscope; microscopic slide of dicotyledonous stem Method: 1. The light microscope was plugged into a power source‚ and switched on. 2. The coarse focus of the light microscope was adjusted with both hands to move the stage downwards. 3. The slide with the dicotyledonous stem
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Encyclopedia - cells‚ plant‚ body‚ function‚ process‚ system‚ different‚ organs‚ used”‚ (Accessed on 15th May 2010) Wong M‚ Hettiaratchi E‚ Jayachandran G‚ Cathers I (2001) “Multicellular Organisms”‚ (Accessed on 15th May 2010) Wikimedia Foundation (2010) “Phloem - Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia” (Accessed on 16th May 2010)
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Translocation A. The Munch pressure flow model The Principal of Pressure-Flow Model of Phloem Transport The Münch pressure-flow model is an explanation for the movement of organic materials in phloem .By the Münch pressure-flow experiment‚ two dialysis tubings are connected by a glass tube. The dialysis tubings only permeable to water or particles which have smaller size than the pores of the tubing‚but impermeable to the larger solutes.As larger molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides(starch)
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potential gradient. The gradient exists because water at the air0water surface in leaves in under negative pressure (tension) The phloem‚ sugars are transported from “sources”- tissues that release sugars for use elsewhere – to “sinks”- tissues in which sugars are being used or stoned. Movement occurs because cells expend energy to load sucrose actively into phloem cells near source tissues. Water follows by osmosis‚ creating a pressure gradient that favours the movement of water and sucrose sinks
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in the xylem of tracheophytes that die before they transport water and dissolved minerals. Tracheids- the tracheary elements of gymnosperms. Vessel elements- the tracheary elements of angiosperms. Sieve tube member- living cells of the phloem in flowering plants that transport foods from their sources to the tissues. PLANT TISSUES Tissue- an organized group of cells working together as a functional unit Simple tissue- tissue made of one type of cell (parenchyma cells‚ parenchyma
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1. Plant Nutrition Nine macronutrients of plants: C‚ H‚ N‚ O‚ P‚ S‚ K‚ Ca‚ Mg Components of soil: Horizon a (topsoil): humus‚ leaf litter‚ decaying matter Horizon b (middle): minerals but no humus Horizon c (bottom): rock Most common nutrient deficiencies: N‚ P‚ K 2. Transport of Water and Minerals in Xylem Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves Plant cells include: cell wall‚ plasma membrane‚ nucleus‚ chloroplasts and central vacuole Soil to root Water is absorbed
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