‘international concern’ test from Koowarta v Bjelke – Petersen[1] been effectively rejected following the decision of XYZ v Commonwealth[2]? What practical role‚ if any‚ could the test play in future cases? By Paul McKay (87/100 – High Distinction) Abstract During the 1980’s some High Court judges suggested that the external affairs power[3] includes a power to legislate on matters of ‘international concern’. This paper will trace the development of the ‘international concern’ doctrine
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Smoking in public places should be prohibited. Banning smoking in public places isn’t just a question of taking away one group’s freedom for the benefit of another; it is something that is in the interest of people as a whole. It comes down to a decision between the healths of a whole nation versus the freedom of a minority. By allowing smoking in public places it is the freedom of non-smokers that is being restricted. We choose not to smoke but by going out into a public space such as a bar
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workplace should wash their hands before and after using the bathroom‚ sneezing/coughing. New Policy Put in place a new Policy & Procedure that sick employees take time off work. Influenza Vaccines Encouraging employees to get the Influenza vaccine and/or adding the Influenza Vaccine to the workplace employee health care plan. Managing Standard Approaches Policy for Sick Employees Putting a new Policy & Procedure is good for businesses as whilst employees are not at work this policy would reduce
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Reasons why there is a community pattern. In this instance the community pattern is zonation. Zonation occurs because different species need different environmental conditions to suit their adaptations in order to survive‚ and therefore they need to position themselves on the rocky shore accordingly. These zones run parallel to the water and range from the high tide point (the highest place on the shore that the high tide reaches) to low tide point (the lowest point which the water goes to). Zonation
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Outline and assess the reasons why women might not commit as much crime as men. (50 marks) The term ‘crime’ means behaviour that breaks the law. For example‚ someone who commits a crime such as drug offences or theft is considered a criminal. Feminists accept that women commit less crime than men because they are more likely to conform to rules and social controls than men. Based on the evidence in the ‘Official Crime Statistics’ (OCS) of 2009 and 2010 in England and Wales‚ men are five times more
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There are many reasons why Confederation happened but amongst them there are three that I think are the most important: The Chesapeake Incident‚ The Reciprocity Treaty‚ and The Civil War. Confederation is the uniting of all colonies that were in British North America (Ontario‚ Quebec‚ Nova Scotia‚ and New Brunswick). My first reason is The Reciprocity Treaty. The Treaty is made to eliminate all tariffs for bringing American goods into Canada. The treaty was signed on June 5th 1854 and ended in
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Should smoking be prohibited in a public place? Whether smoking should be banned or not is a debatable issue for the public to fight for their rights. On the one hand‚ while citizens have the civil right to smoke‚ on the other hand‚ it can also be argued that they have their right to refuse to inhale the second-hand smoke. The term` public place’ in this essay refers to the area open for every citizen who has the right to use‚ such as parks‚ beaches‚ streets‚ etc. This essay will argue that smoking
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Bullying is when someone or a group of people with more power repeatedly and intentionally causes hurt or harm to another person or group of people who feel helpless to respond. Bullying can continue over time‚ is often hidden from adults and will probably continue if no action is taken. Different Kinds of Bullying 1. Physical bullying includes any physical contact that would hurt or injure a person like hitting‚ kicking‚ punching‚ etc. Taking something that belongs to someone else and destroying
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What Should A Public Place Be Like? A public place usually refers to a place open to all members in the community. Public places have been existing in our society for a long time. In the article “The New Oases”‚ a new public place in modern world is introduced. It is a wonderful place for students and faculty in MIT. The new public place is quite open and flexible‚ inspiring new ideas and boosting communication. The definition and characteristics of a public place varies with time. In today’s world
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America is a good place to live. Here is some reason why. We have resources that other countries don’t. We have the freedom to go places‚ that other countries don’t allow. We have a good water supply in our country. We have the Freedom Of Speech meaning we are allowed to say whatever we want. We don’t just respect one religion‚ we respect all. We have laws to control things or we would all go crazy in the world. We have many fascinating cultures here. We can all get along that other countries can’t
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