OUTLINE AND EVALUATE TWO SOCIAL PSYCHOLOICAL THEORIES OF AGGRESSION The first psychological theory of aggression is the social learning theory. This uses the principles of Bandura’s Bobo Dolls experiment which involved children observing aggressive and non-aggressive adults and then acting themselves. Those in the aggressive condition displayed aggression whilst the other children showed virtually no aggression. The four conditions which have been found to be effective for social learning are: attention;
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Outline and Evaluate the Multi – Store Model of Memory ( 12 marks ) Information from the environment enters sensory memory‚ encoded through one of the 5 senses depending on the type of information. If attention is paid to this information it will enter short term memory ( STM )which‚ according to Miller‚ has a capacity of 7+/- 2 bits of information. It can last up to 18 seconds‚ without rehearsal‚ according to Peterson and Peterson. Baddeley found that information in STM is encoded mainly
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OUTLINE AND EVALUATE EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATIONS OF FOOD PREFERENCES (4 MARKS + 16 MARKS) Outline (A01) Tastes experiences come from our taste receptors. These make us sensitive to a range of taste qualities. For example‚ sweet foods are usually associated with carbohydrates that are a great source of energy. Sour food allows us to identify food that has gone off and would therefore contain harmful bacteria. Salt food is vital for the function of our cells. Bitter tastes are associated with
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(a) Outline 2 attempts to define abnormality (6 marks) Statistical infrequency is an approach that attempts to define abnormality. It suggests that most human personality and behavioural traits fall within a normal distribution with most people crowding around the middle of the distribution (the norm). Any characteristic that is statistically rare according to this distribution is considered abnormal. A further attempt at defining abnormality is the deviation from ideal mental health approach.
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Outline and evaluate the multi-store model of memory (12) The multi-store model of memory (MSM) was developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 and explains how information flows from one storage system to another‚ with three permanent structures in memory: sensory memory (SM)‚ short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). It describes memory as something made up of a series of stores and these each differ in terms of their capacity‚ duration and encoding process. Information is detected
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Outline and evaluate the working memory model The working memory model is the part of the short term memory which is governed by the ‘central executive which monitors and coordinates the operation of the store systems; Phonological loop and visuo – spatial sketchpad. The phonological loop allows sounds to be stored for brief periods. The visuo spatial sketchpad allows visual and spatial information to be stored for brief periods. The two slave systems within the WMM are completely separate and can
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Outline & Evaluate The Multi-Store Model Of Memory (12 Marks) The multi-store model of memory is widely renowned as the definitive concept of how our memory works‚ through inter-connected stores. We encode information into our sensory memory by using incoming stimuli (our five senses)‚ our sensory memory is very limited‚ allowing us to only store around 2 items‚ for as little as 1 or 2 seconds. If however‚ we pay attention to the information that has been encoded into our sensory memory‚ it then
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Outline and Evaluate research into individual differences in attachment Attachment is when you get a strong reciprocal‚ emotional bond between two people like with a mother and infant. The attachment acts as a basis for further emotional and psychological development. Following on from the study carried out by Schaffer and Emerson (1964) on the phases of development in attachment‚ Ainsworth and Bell (1978) investigated individual differences in attachment using the Strange Situation. They hoped
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Outline and evaluate two or more definitions of abnormality? (12 Marks) Deviation from social norms is a definition of abnormality. The word ‘deviation’ in this definition is referring to deviant behaviour (behaviour which is considered anti-social or undesirable by the majority of society members). In society there are social norms (standards of acceptable behaviour that are set by the social group). These standards are often in place for good reason. An example of a social norm is politeness as
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Outline and evaluate the effect of anxiety on eyewitness testimony AO1 AO2 Yerkes Dodson law – states that there is an optimum level of anxiety for accurate eyewitness testimony. I.e. People who are not at all stressed‚ and people who are very stressed will be less accurate eyewitnesses that those who are under a moderate amount of stress. Loftus carried out a study of the ‘Weapon effect’. She set up two conditions of the experiment. In both conditions‚ participants heard a discussion in the
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