Outline and Evaluate the biological approach to abnormality The biological approach sees abnormality as a physical illness and removes psychological blame and responsibility for the behaviour form the patients. Biochemistry; which is where abnormal functioning in the brain can be caused by abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and hormones. Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that allow neurones to communicate with one another at synapses. Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted
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Outline and evaluate the biological approach to psychopathology The biological approach to psychopathology suggests that abnormal behaviour is caused or related to physical changes in the body. The biological approach suggest that the four following things cause physical disorders (abnormality) ; genes‚ biochemistry‚ neuroanatomy and viral infection. Psychologists have investigated the role in which gene’s play in abnormal behaviour. To do this the majority of psychologists use twins. It has been
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Outline and evaluate the working memory model (12 marks) Baddeley and Hitch proposed that memory has 4 components. The central executive‚ phonological loop‚ visuospatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer. The central executive decides how to share out and direct attention to incoming information. The phonological loop can be thought of as a maintenance rehearsal mechanism for retaining verbal information. It is sub-divided into two other components‚ the phonological store (inner ear)‚ which holds
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Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to psychopathology The cognitive approach to psychopathology focuses on the theory that abnormality is caused by faulty cognitions about ourselves‚ others and our worlds. Our behaviour is controlled by these cognitions‚ consequently if these are faulty‚ it can cause abnormal behaviour. In 1962 Ellis proposed the A-B-C model. This suggests that a certain behaviour will first start with an activating event (such as seeing a large dog). This will then
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Outline and evaluate The SLT theory of aggression. Aggression is defined by Baron & Richardson (1993) as ‘any form of behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment’. According to Social Learning Theory aggressive behaviour is developed through the environment (rather than being an innate tendency – as the biological and psychoanalytical theories would suggest). If biological theories of aggression were faultless it
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Outline and evaluate the Psychodynamic approach to abnormality (12marks) It claims that personality develops in childhood through a number of ‘psychosexual stages’ and that too much or too little pleasure at one of these can lead to fixation and abnormal behaviour. For example between the ages of two and four children are in the anal stage – too much focus on holding in faeces during this time can lead to an ‘anally retentive’ adult personality which is obsessively neat and tidy‚ in some cases leading
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Outline and evaluate the behavioural approach to abnormality This approach focuses on the behaviour of the person to explain psychological abnormalities. It believes that the behaviour is learnt‚ and therefore can be unlearnt. It focuses on 3 different things: classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning and social learning theory. Classical conditioning was developed by Pavlov through his work on animals. He explained the development of abnormal behaviours through stimulus-response associations
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Conformity In our daily life‚ whenever we have to make decision‚ we may always have many concerns and may hardly make a choice. Different people will have different concerning point even though they are deciding the same thing. For example‚ when 2 girls go shopping and both of them want to buy the same dress‚ one of them may concern about whether the dress worth the price while the other girl may think that whether she should buy that piece of dress as she already owns many
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One of society’s popular issues – conformity‚ is the act of one individual likely to change his or her thoughts‚ behaviors‚ and attitudes in order to fit in a group or to follow social norms. Norms are understood as unspoken‚ invisible rules appeared by a group of people then spread out to the whole community. Conformity occurs in various environment and situations‚ which fashion trends‚ plastic surgery‚ and tattooed people are some typical examples (depends on the case). Furthermore‚ when talking
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Question 1: Compare how authors deal with the subject of conformity in two texts you have studied. In the short stories The Lottery by Sheily Jackson and Harrison Bergeron by Vonneget Jr both share the common subject of conformity. This is shown through the theme of expression of individuality that defies society’s rules can result in victimisation and death which still exists in all societies. Sheily and Vonneget portray the main theme through the use of characters‚ symbols and Context (irony)
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