recessive “mini-muscle” phenotype in mice. Smaller body size and muscles as well as increased maximal oxygen intake are observed in mice with the “mini-muscle” phenotype. This observation raises an issue about why the selectively bred mice with the “mini-muscle” phenotype have reduced triceps and thigh muscle mass as they are able to cover greater distances; due to faster running speed‚ on an activity wheel compared to normal mice. However‚ greater exercise and load is thought to result in muscle hypertrophy
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Thato’s muscle had remained unused for 6 weeks. Once the cast is removed and he steps down from the examination table‚ his muscle begins to contract. Due to this 6 week period of rest‚ the muscles initial strength of contraction may be significantly low as compared to its strength a few minutes later. The strength of contraction of his muscle increases to a plateau‚ which is termed the staircase effect. Due to his muscles low initial strength of contraction‚ Thato loses his balance and falls. 1
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Muscle Metabolism To complete this worksheet‚ select: Module: Support and Movement Activity: Animations Title: Muscle Metabolism Introduction 1. How do muscle cells use ATP? 2. Describe ATP hydrolysis and explain its significance to muscle cells. 3. How is ATP regenerated? 4. Summarize the role of ATP with regard to the following myosin head activities. a. energizing b. detaching Energy Sources 5.
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REVIEW SHEET NAME_____________________ LAB 6: Skeletal Muscle Physiology Electrical Stimulation 1. Complete the following statements by filling in your answers on the appropriate lines below. A motor unit consists of a (a) and all the (b) it innervates. Whole muscle contraction is a(n) (c) response. In order for muscles to work in a practical sense‚ (d) is the method used to produce a slow‚ steady increase in muscle force. When we see the slightest evidence
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Muscle adaptations to the increase in energy demands at the start of exercise Introduction The transition from rest to exercise is associated with a huge upsurge in energy expenditure‚ due primarily to skeletal muscle contractions (Connett & Sahlin‚ 1996). Contractions require energy in the form of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). ATP stores in muscle are around 8mmol/l and are exhausted within 2s of exercise (Connett & Sahlin‚ 1996). To continue exercise and maintain ATP homeostasis‚ ATP
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10.1 OVERVIEW OF MUSCULAR TISSUE Types of muscular tissue There are 3 types of muscular tissue: skeletal‚ cardiac‚ & smooth. All 3 may share some things but they differ from one another in their microscopic anatomy‚ location‚ & how they are controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems Skeletal muscle tissue function of most is to move bones of the skeleton (are few that attach to other structures ex--the skin). Muscle tissue is striated b/c alternating light and dark protein bands (striations)
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Notes on histology Histology Lecture 1 Histology is the study of tissues: in our case‚ it means study of tissues which make up the human body. Tissue is defined as a group of cells which perform a common function. All the cells in a given tissue are not necessarily identical or similar e.g. blood is a type of connective tissue but it has many different types of cells. However‚ tissue also contains two other components i.e. ground substance (or matrix) and fibres. Despite the complexity of
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Results A left gastrocnemius muscle of a frog (L=3.2cm in situ) was used in experiment 1 and 2‚ while a right gastrocnemius muscle of a frog (L=3.4cm in situ) was used in experiment 3. The sciatic nerve of the frog was placed over the stimulatory electrodes covered with a piece of a Kimwipe moistened with Ringer’s solution. The relationship between muscle length‚ force production and velocity of contraction was studied. Force transduced calibration In order to get a more accurate data from force
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Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to use the muscle tension and the electrical activity in the dominant and non-dominant forearm muscle‚ the flexor digitorum superficialis‚ to analyze the determinants of muscle tension and fatigue‚ and the reasons as to why differences may occur between the dominant and non-dominant arm. The generation of tension in a muscle is determined by the major type of motor unit being recruited‚ as well as the rate in which action potentials are being fired. A subject
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There are three phases for muscle cell contraction: initiation of action potential in the sarcolemma‚ excitation-contraction coupling‚ and contraction‚ sliding of the myofilaments. ATP and calcium ions are two essential elements for muscle contraction. When ATP attaches to the myosin head‚ it gets hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. Calcium ions bind to the troponin molecules and help expose the binding sites of actin filaments to allow for the attachment of the myosin heads. After the sliding of the myofilaments
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