The Origin and Evolution of Life on Earth Why do we start the discussion of biology with a discussion of geology? Here are some reasons why one would do this: * All life on earth is linked to geology; likewise‚ many surface geologic features and processes have been influenced by life on earth. The origin and early evolution of the earth are especially important when looking at the origin and early evolution of life on earth. * Life chemistry had its origin with the elements available to
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is used to precipitate the chloride ions in the unknown‚ which can be measured to determine the percent composition of chloride in the unknown. The results from these three major analyses helped to draw the conclusion that the unknown is in fact [Co(NH3)6]Cl3. -2.0 Synthesis/Analysis of Cobalt-Amine-Halide Compund (Procedure 1‚ pgs 16-7)) A cobalt (III) amine halide compound was prepared by making a solution of cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to liberate the Co (II)
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QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF COPPER (II) CONCENTRATION BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY D.DEL PRADO1‚ J. BELANO1‚ M.MAHUSAY2‚and M.FRANCISCO2 1 DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION‚ COLLEGE OF HOME ECONOMICS 2INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY‚ COLLEGE OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHLIPPINES‚ DILIMAN‚ QUEZON CITY 1101‚ PHILIPPINES DATE SUBMITTED: 12 MARCH 2013 DATE PERFORMED: 7 MARCH 2013 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT -------------------------------------------------
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suitable for distinguishing between the nitro- and nitrito-linkage isomers because they have different vibrational patterns from one another. Given enough time‚ the more stable thermodynamic linkage isomer [Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl2 will be formed as the major product over the kinetic product‚ [Co(NH3)5ONO]Cl2. Introduction The ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) spectrum of cobalt complexes has been analyzed to determine the fundamental differences in the structures of each molecule.1 Ligands can coordinate to
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Compare and Contrast Lesson Plan: Part One and Two Introduction to Topic and Guided Practice. Materials Needed- A granola bar and a candy bar; and/or a one dollar bill and a quarter‚ Venn Diagram worksheet Compare and Contrast lesson plan activity time: 30-120 minutes‚ depending on use of optional reinforcement and advanced exercises. If all sections are used‚ lesson can be divided into multiple‚ separate sessions if desired. Objective of Compare and Contrast lesson plan:
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Sample Questions 1. In the chemical formula for ammonia‚ NH3‚ what does the subscript 3 represent? (a) the number of ammonia molecules that will bond together (b) the number of nitrogen atoms in each molecule of ammonia (c) the number of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms in each molecule of ammonia (d) The number of hydrogen atoms in each molecule of ammonia 2. The diagram above shows a block from the periodic table. The number six represents the following consumers eats only producers? (a) atomic
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experimental method produces more accurate result. One was electrochemistry using a Daniel cell and the other one was spectrometry by estimating concentration of complex solution using a calibration curve. The formation constant of cupric ammine complex Cu(NH3)42+‚ Kf‚ came out with 1.93x10^15 using electrochemical cell method and 9.79x10^12 using spectrophotometer method. Considering the literature value of Kf is around 4.8x10^12 ~ 1.7x10^13‚ spectrophotometer gives more accurate result than electrochemical
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silver and ammonia: + Ag + 2NH3 A g(NH3 )2 + Kf = 1 .5 x 10 7 where Kf i s the formation constant (always >1 ‚ formation of the complex is highly favorable) Complex ion formation increases the solubility of sol ids in water. Example: Calculate the solubility of AgCl (1.6 x 10 + -10 ) in 1.0 M NH3 . AgCl A g + Cl - Ksp = 1.6 x 10 Ag + 2NH3 A g(NH3 )2 + Kf = 1 .5 x 10 + + AgCl + 2NH3 Ag(NH3 )2 + Cl - K = 2 .4 x 10 -10 7
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Silver Ion Data for Determining Formulas Solutions containing NH3‚ CO32–‚ Cl–‚ I–‚ PO43–‚ and S2O32– ions were added to equal proportions of a silver nitrate solution‚ which contained the complex ion Ag(H2O)2+. All of the added solutions were also clear and colorless. |AgNO3 (aq) by itself |Colorless solution | |AgNO3 (aq) with NH3 (aq) |Colorless solution
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Solubility Product Constants and Complex Ion Equilibria → Ag + + 2 NH Ag(NH3 ) +2 ← 3 [Ag ][NH ] = [Ag(NH ) ] 2 + Kd 3 + 3 2 → Cu 2+ + 4 NH Cu(NH 3 ) 24+ ← 3 [Cu ][NH ] = [Cu(NH ) ] 4 2+ Kd Complex Ion Equilibria 3 2+ 3 4 3 Complex Ion Equilibria • A metal ion coordinated to several neutral molecules or anions forms compounds called complex ions. • Familiar examples of complex ions include: • • Ag(NH3 )+2 Cu(NH3 )+4 Complex ion equilibrium constants are called dissociation constants
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