metastatic disease. In case of cancer progression or recurrence after initial chemotherapy‚ these patients are candidates for salvage therapy. Among all tumours‚ non-seminoma is more aggressive than seminoma. If both seminoma and non-seminoma are present or the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration is elevated‚ the tumour should be treated as a non-seminoma. Initial therapy of testicular tumour is selected according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC 2010) stage group; risk stratification
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Consequentialism versus Non-consequentialism; Self versus Other-Interestedness; Act Utilitarianism versus Rule Utilitarianism; and Emotion versus reason. When all four areas are combined and examined there are conflicting views that must be resolved. First of all‚ there is the issue of Consequentialism and Non-consequentialism. Consequentialism is best described by utilitarianism‚ where decisions are based on the consequences of the outcome of the decision made. On the other hand‚ non-consequentialism
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2‚ discussion 1 The systematics of the theory of Sutherland: “Criminal behavior as learned through contact with other with a law-violating orientation” This theory applies to both conventional and white collar crimes. Sutherland formulated a list of nine interrelated proposition on the process and content of learning to be a criminal (Friedrichs: P.235-236). These are the following: 1) Criminal behavior is learned‚ 2) Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process
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Overview * General Tips * Non-Fiction * Fiction * Poetry * Fire Starters Creative Non-Fiction If representing and exploring the “real” by writing in the genre of creative non-fiction is your goal‚ we hope these tips about what creative non-fiction is‚ as well as some pointers on a few genres that are considered creative non-fiction (memoir and the personal essay) can help you. We have also included some links to some well-known examples of creative non-fiction to give you a sense
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Prison is just a place where criminals get a good spanking and endless lectures on behavior until they can learn how to be righteous. In colonial America‚ criminals were treated in much the same way as they were in England at that time‚ with punishments ranging from lashings‚ confinement in stocks‚ and public brandings for minor offenses to hanging for more serious crimes-including theft (Wright‚ 2007). Many people are surprised to learn that the use of prisons as a form of punishment and rehabilitation
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Criminal Conduct and Criminal Law Jessica Dorsey LEG 320 July 25‚ 2014 Strayer University CRIMINAL CONDUCT AND CRIMINAL LAW Actus rea and mens rea are both important elements to convicting anyone for any crime. The actual commitment of a criminal act is actus rea. The guilty or criminal mind state is mens rea. Despite the fact that both actus rea and mens rea do not have to exist a conviction is still very feasible. When a criminal act is committed and the individual
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The statement ’Are criminals born‚ or made?’ is wide reaching and still the subject of many debates. Beginning over a hundred years ago in the late 18th century social and criminal anthropologists began to wonder at the causes of criminality and delinquency and set about to investigate. Most theorists at the time believed that it had to be a deep-rooted trait‚ an innate tendency. Over the years that followed‚ many other sociologists and psychologists have tried to decipher this complicated question
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Many scholars have attempted to explain criminal behaviour by identifying a genetic trait or other biological causes or indicator for criminality (Cullen and Agnew‚ 2011). Ellis and Walsh (2011) argue that while there is not a single “criminal behaviour” genetic trait‚ there are genetic trait that are associated with crime. They further suggest that these traits might provide evolutionary advantages to their holders in some circumstances. For example‚ traits such as deception and cheating would likely
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extent. Non-violent resistance strategies‚ such as those pioneered by Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King are designed to avoid this trap by absolutely refusing to be drawn into a violent confrontation. This is a strategy that requires tremendous courage‚ self-control‚ as well as a willingness to endure pain and sometimes even death. The strength of nonviolence lies in its ability to dramatically reduce the moral legitimacy of those who persist in using violent strategies against non-violent opposition
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Question 1(b) The Latin phrase “actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea” implies that an act does not make one guilty unless the mind is also. Thus‚ the meaning behind mens rea lies within the mental element of the defendant in a crime. H.L.A. Hart states that “what is crucial is that those whom we punish should have had‚ when they acted‚ the normal capacities‚ physical and mental‚ for doing what the law requires and abstaining form what it forbids‚ and a fair opportunity to exercise these capacities
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