was therefore replaced by neurohormonal model‚ which involves Reninangiotensin-aldosterone-system sympathetic nervous system1‚ (RAAS) 3 . RAAS and is summarized in Figure 1. The activation of RAAS leads to vasoconstriction‚ oedema and myocardial fibrosis‚ which are induced by Angiotensin II1. proven to be very efficient in HF by numerous clinical studies2-4. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS HF involves many symptoms such as dyspnoea (rest or exercise)‚ paroxystic nocturnal dyspnoea‚ fatigue‚ and ankle
Premium Myocardial infarction ACE inhibitor Hypertension
deaths worldwide and is responsible for one-third of all deaths in the United States (Scrutinio‚ Temporelli‚ Passantino‚ & Giannuzzi‚ 2009). Inpatient interventions are utilized to improve quality of life and reduce the risk of future myocardial infarctions (MI); however‚ the delivery of education following an MI plays a huge role in determining whether patients are successful with recovery (Pattenden‚ Watt‚ Lewin‚ & Stanford‚ 2002). Deciding how a patient prefers follow-up contact after
Premium Myocardial infarction Patient Qualitative research
is achieved by decreasing the cardiac output‚ decreasing sympathetic outflow from the CNS‚ as well as suppressing renin release which reduces peripheral vascular resistance. (www.drugs.com) The primary indication for Metoprolol is in post myocardial infarction and management of angina. Early administration of Metoprolol within hours of AMI has been shown to reduce mortality in these patients. (Hoffman et al.‚ 2000) Other indications include treatment of hypertension. It is one of the preferred
Premium Myocardial infarction Hypertension Cardiology
leave behind on the endothelium of an artery‚ platelets accumulate at the area and form a blood clot. This can lead to a complete blockage of the artery and could even block blood flowing to the heart muscle. Therefore‚ this will lead to a myocardial infarction. This substantiates that anything that increases blood pressure‚ also increases the risk of coronary heart disease e.g. being overweight and having an unhealthy diet. Embracing an unhealthy lifestyle can also lead to heart disease‚ for instance
Premium Atherosclerosis Myocardial infarction Heart
and BNP tests that are used to diagnose cardiovascular conditions such as acute myocardial infarction‚ coronary syndromes‚ and heart failure. These tests help to detect the enzymes released during heart failure and in other critical cardiac conditions that release creatine kinase‚ troponin‚ LDH isoenzymes‚ and BNP. These tests also help medical professionals to understand and differentiate between myocardial infarction and angina‚ which assists in diagnosis and treatment. Covered in this Report
Premium Myocardial infarction
cerebral blood flow to zero causes death of brain tissue within 4-10 min; values <20 mL/100 g tissue per min cause ischemia without infarction unless prolonged for several hours or days. If blood flow is restored prior to a significant amount of cell death‚ the patient may experience only transient symptoms‚ i.e.‚ a TIA. Tissue surrounding the core region of infarction is ischemic but reversibly dysfunctional and is referred to as the ischemic penumbra. The ischemic penumbra will eventually infarct
Premium Blood Myocardial infarction Hypertension
Toxins play a central role in diseases such as; a) Influenza b) Coronary Artery Disease c) Tetanus d) Diabetes Antibiotics are used to treat which of the following sources of infection? a) Bacteria b) Fungi c) Viruses d) All of the above A systemic infection is: a) An infection that is in the bloodstream b) An infection that affects only one organ c) An infection that affects only one body part d) An infection that
Premium Myocardial infarction Blood
The most common test is an ECG which is a simple‚ painless test that records the electrical activity and rhythm of the heart. During an acute myocardial infarction‚ the ECG evolves through three stages: T wave peaking followed by T wave inversion‚ ST segment elevation and appearance of new Q waves. Any of these changes may be present without any of the others. (Thaler‚ 2012) An abnormal reading does not
Premium Myocardial infarction Heart Hypertension
inside a blood vessel‚ obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. It can result in anoxia‚ the complete deprivation of oxygen and infarction‚ and even tissue death. Twelve million people worldwide are killed every year by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral thrombosis‚ cerebral infarction‚ myocardial infarction‚ coronary heart disease and arteriosclerosis. It equals to nearly onefourth of global death toll. Incidence of cardiovascular diseases keeps rising
Premium Stroke Pulmonary embolism Myocardial infarction
by an inadequate supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle (myocardium) because of narrowing or blocking of a coronary artery by fatty plaques. If the oxygen depletion is extreme‚ the effect may be a myocardial infarction (heart attack); if the deprivation is insufficient to cause infarction (death of a section of heart muscle)‚ the effect may be angina pectoris‚ or spasms of pain in the chest. Control it by eating healthy Diet Follow the below diet to lower the risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Premium Nutrition Atherosclerosis Myocardial infarction