Chapter 3 Important Chemical Concepts: Expressing Quantities and Concetrations I. Important Units of Measurement A. SI Units (International System of Units) SI Base Units Physical Quantity Name of Unit Abbreviation Mass kilogram kg Length meter m Time second s Temperature kelvin K Amount of substance mole mol Electric Current ampere A Luminous Intensity candela cd Prefixes for Units giga- G 109 mega- M 106 kilo- k 103 deci-
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Title: Formula of a Hydrate. Objective: Determining the percentage of water and the chemical formula of a hydrate. Background: Water has a polar structure and it has positively and negatively charged parts within each molecule. This gives it a strong attraction toward ions. The ions in some salts attract and form strong bonds with water molecules. These salts‚ when they have absorbed water‚ are called hydrates. Anhydrous salts are salts that can form hydrates but which have had all the water
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Drew Moyer Mrs. Haire IB Chemistry Experiment 6 Mole Ratio in a Chemical Reaction Background: Mole ratios of reactants are often times figured out by the use of the other products in a chemical equation. However‚ in the instance that the products’ mole ratios are unknown‚ it can be determined through the experiment. This method is called continuous variations. In this lab‚ I determined the mole ratio between Sodium Hypochlorite and Sodium Thiosulfate by using continuous variations of ratios
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Chemistry pre- IB Empirical Formula Observations/Qualitative Data: I have used my sense to observe that the magnesium is a solid that is bendable‚ is very light and its color is silver. After being put in a Crucible covered by a lid‚ under a Bunsen burner for a few minutes‚ it has lit up and turned red. After the experiment was over‚ the magnesium was turned into an ash/powdery state and its color became white/grey. Data collection and Processing (DCP): Quantitative Data: Weight in grams
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relative formula mass(for molecule and non-molecule substances)/relative molecular mass(only for molecular substances) 7. n=N/NA(6.02x1023)=m/M If the question is calculate the % composition of each element in BaCo3‚ assume we have 1 mole of BaCo3‚ we have M(Baco3)g=137.3+12.0+3x16.0=197.3g/mol so we have 197.3g Baco3 so 1mol of Ba=…… 8. %element=m(element)/m(compound)x100% 9. Empirical formula-----simplest whole number ratio Metallic elements and ionic substances--- EF=formula Covalent
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Point and Boiling Point Constants | Solvent | Formula | Freezing Point (°C) | Kf(°C/molal) | Boiling Point (°C) | Kb(°C/molal) | Water | H2O | 0.0 | 1.86 | 100.0 | 0.51 | Acetic acid | CH3COOH | 17.0 | 3.90 | 118.1 | 3.07 | Benzene | C6H6 | 5.5 | 4.90 | 80.2 | 2.53 | Chloroform | CHCl3 | –63.5 | 4.68 | 61.2 | 3.63 | Ethanol | C2H5OH | –114.7 | 1.99 | 78.4 | 1.22 | Phenol | C6H5OH | 43.0 | 7.40 | 181.0 | 3.56 | Use the previous formula and the constant from Table 1 to calculate the temperature
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Convert from grams to moles using molar mass. To get moles from grams of potassium chlorate (KClO3): [molar mass = 122.55 g/mol] 138.6 g KClO3 X ( 1 mol / 122.55 g ) = 1.131 mol KClO3 3. Determine the limiting reagent [if necessary] (Use mole ratios to figure out.) * Not necessary to determine because there is only 1 reactant in this decomposition reaction. 4. Use ratios to find the moles of the reactant or product
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of Chemical Reactions Objective In this lab we took Fe(NO3)3 and NaOH and mixed 7 different mole ratios in graduated cylinders to determine what the mole ratio is. We also did the same thing with solutions of CuCl2 and Na3PO4. We determine the mole ratios by graphing the volume of reactant #1 vs. volume of precipitate for each reaction. Data Part 1.) Cylinder 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fe(NO3)3‚ 0.1 M‚ ml 5 10 12 15 17 20 24 NaOH‚ 0.1 M‚ ml 55 50 48 45 43 40 36 Fe:OH mole ratio
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Mole Fraction Return to Solutions Menu The mole fraction is: moles of target substance divided by total moles involved The symbol for the mole fraction is the lower-case Greek letter chi‚ χ. You will often see it with a subscript: χsolute is an example. Example #1: 0.100 mole of NaCl is dissolved into 100.0 grams of pure H2O. What is the mole fraction of NaCl? Solution: 100.0 g / 18.0 g mol¯1 = 5.56 mol of H2O Add that to the 0.100 mol of NaCl = 5.56 + 0.100 = 5.66 mol total Mole fraction
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