ELECTRIC POWER UTILISATION AND ENERGY AUDITING UNIT – I ILLUMINATION‚ HEATING AND WELDING Nature-of radiation –definition – laws photometry – polar curves – lighting calculationsdesign of illumination systems (for residential‚ industrial‚ commercial and street lightings) - types of lamps-energy efficiency lamps. Methods of heating requirement of heating material-design of heating element-furnaces – Welding generator-welding transformer and its characteristics UNIT - II ELECTRIC TRACTION
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Third generation (1966-1973) computer consisted of integrated circuits (IC) i.e. many transistors in single silicon chip. A single IC has many transistors‚ registers and capacitors built on a single thin slice of silicon. With the invention of microprocessor (1971)‚ fourth generation of computer evolution started and present day computers are also categorized in the fourth generation. The fifth generation computers are under development. They are going to be based on principles of artificial intelligence
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ADC0803‚ ADC0804 ® Data Sheet August 2002 8-Bit‚ Microprocessor-Compatible‚ A/D Converters FN3094.4 Features The ADC080X family are CMOS 8-Bit‚ successiveapproximation A/D converters which use a modified potentiometric ladder and are designed to operate with the 8080A control bus via three-state outputs. These converters appear to the processor as memory locations or I/O ports‚ and hence no interfacing logic is required. The differential analog voltage input has good commonmode-rejection
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of a Microprocessor * Microprocessors cannot process analog signals directly. Found in a personal computer’s chip or embedded in smaller devices‚ a microprocessor offers a faster way of computing. It can rapidly move data between processor units. Speed is one of a microprocessor’s advantages that sets it apart from other processors. However‚ a microprocessor also has some disadvantages that are worth considering when choosing computing power. Find out more and see if a microprocessor unit
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The Development of Personal Computers The history of the computer goes back hundreds of years. From the abacus through the modern era the evolution of computers has involved many innovative individuals. It was out of this desire to innovate many fascinating tabulating machines developed. The modern computer‚ therefore‚ evolved from an amalgamation of the genius of many individuals over a long period of history. Many people shaped the world by making the efforts to develop technology.
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RISC and CISC What is RISC RISC‚ or Reduced Instruction Set Computer. is a type of microprocessor architecture that utilizes a small‚ highlyoptimized set of instructions‚ rather than a more specialized set of instructions often found in other types of architectures. Every instruction in a single clock after fetch and decode. Smaller‚ less energy consumption. Sun Sparc‚ IBM Power series both have RISC RISC allows branch prediction and Pipelining because they require fixed length instructions
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regional economic development? The advancements in telecommunication include the Internet and World Wide Web. The advancement of the microprocessor has increased the amount and speed of processing information. The microprocessor is also the key to the advancements in wireless‚ satellite‚ and fiber optics technology (Hill‚ 2009). As the microprocessor technology continues to develop‚ the cost continues to decrease. It has become more affordable and reliable to communicate via Internet‚ phone
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Nothing like the main memory (RAM)‚ ROM remembers its data even when the computer is powered off. • CACHE - • BIOS - Basic Input/output system is the program a computer’s microprocessor uses to get the computer system to start soon after you have powered it up. Also‚ it looked after data movement amongst the computer’s operating system and connected to many devices. • CMOS - Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor also known
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to give results. The concept of R.I.S.C was originated by John Cocke in 1974 on IBM 801.It became so popular that Sun microsystems used it to create SPARC microprocessors and also led to the founding of MIPS technologies. The R.I.S.C makes it easier for programmers to develop codes with smaller instruction sets .Also‚ new microprocessors can be developed more quickly. 3) M.I.S.C – Minimal Instruction Set Computing This is the design of computers with a small number of basic operations and
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HISTORY OF COMPUTERS Historical records will tell us that man has invented three types of devices to assist him in calculating and processing data. These devices could be classified into: a) Manual-mechanical b) Electromechanical c) Electronic 2000 BC - MECHANICAL COMPUTER THE ABACUS * Computations are done by sliding beads on a wire arranged on a tray. Came from the Greek word abax meaning flat surface John Napier(1617) – Logs and Bones * a Scotsman‚ invented
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