The term pneumonia is applied to many pulmonary infections which are most often caused by bacteria. Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common and is referred to as typical pneumonia. Atypical pneumonia is caused by other microorganisms such as fungi‚ protozoa‚ and viruses. The difference between them were discovered in 1883 by Friedlander and Talamon. Streptococcus pneumoniae was first discovered by Pasteur who isolated it from saliva in a person who had rabies in 1881. Depending
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A study conducted by Krawitz and colleagues in 2011 where the black elderberry was seen as a beneficial herbal supplement for treating influenza and bacterial infection through the enhancement of cytokine production and T cell activation. Sambucus nigra contains anthocyanins‚ which is a bioactive compound that responsible for colors such as red‚ purple‚ or blue. In addition‚ it also provides various health benefits. Studies of anthocyanins for animal and in vitro reduced necrotic and apoptotic cell
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Cystitis is a chronic disease of the bladder that is caused by deficiencies in the lining of the bladder‚ which allow irritants in the urine to leak through the coating of the bladder into the interstitium where all the nerves and nerve endings are located. Cystitis is a common type of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacteria call Escherichia coli usually it occurs when then urethra and bladder become infected the area becomes irritated and inflamed. Cystitis is common in both sexes and all
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Enterococcus faecalis is a gram positive‚ commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other mammals [1].E. faecalis can cause life-threatening infections in humans. Moreover‚ the antibiotic resistance exhibited at high levels by E. faecalis contributes to its pathogenicity [2]. Several reports state that enterococcal species possess the property of causing a variety of diseases in humans [3‚ 4]. It is known from previous studies that Enterococcus faecalis can cause endocarditis
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Infectious agents can be transmitted to a susceptible human through several different modes of transmission. Ebola is caused by a virus and is spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids‚ such as blood‚ vomit‚ and feces. Direct transmission‚ or person-to-person transmission‚ occurs when a susceptible person touches another’s infected bodily fluids and then touches their mouth‚ eyes‚ nose‚ or another portal of entry. The study conducted in Liberia examined the rate of Ebola virus transmission
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DIAGNOSIS OF FOOD ALLERGY: Food allergies should be diagnosed by medical professionals trained in allergic disease management‚ such as allergists. The diagnosis process typically begins with the provider obtaining a detailed symptom history followed by a physical examination and‚ if allergy is suspected‚ further testing. Proper diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary dietary restrictions‚ which may lead to inadequate nutrient intakes and/or undue psychosocial stress. History: A thorough food
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Dobrinka Atanasova Anthrax Anthrax is acute infectious disease that affects humans and other mammals. The causative agent of Anthrax is Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus anthrasic is a rod-shaped bacterium that forms spores (3). As we know‚ spores can survive many‚ many years in harsh conditions. Furthermore‚ the bacterium is also Gram-positive‚ encapsulated and aerobic (2). Anthrax can enter and affect the body via the skin‚ the lungs or gastrointestinal tract. The first one‚ the skin‚ is the least
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGAR Mac Conkey‘s Agar plate MacConkey (also McConkey) agar is a culture medium designed to grow Gram-negative bacteria and stain them for lactose fermentation. It contains bile salts (to inhibit most Grampositive bacteria‚ except Enterococcus and some species of Staphylococcus)‚ crystal violet dye (which also inhibits certain Gram-positive bacteria)‚ neutral red dye (which stains microbes fermenting lactose)‚ lactose and peptone. QUALITY CONTROL Results after 24 hrs at
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Ebola Week 2 Assignment 1) Infectious Agent a) Describe the Ebola virus‚ including what type of virus it is (family‚ DNA or RNA‚ envelope or not) and how many genes it has. The Ebola virus is a highly infectious disease that has killed many worldwide. The virus is part of the Filoviridae family that is a highly infectious agent (Garcia et al.‚ 2012). The Flioviridae family of viruses causes symptoms such as: fever‚ bleeding‚ and hypotensive shock to the host in which it enters (Garcia et al.
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Foodborne Illness Short Answer Questions Salmonella 1) What is the infectious agent (Pathogen) that causes this infectious disease? The infectious agent (pathogen) that causes salmonella is called salmonella enteriditis. The bacteria is larger than a virus; but‚ is visible to the eye with the microscope. It is rod-shaped‚ gram negative‚ non-motile bacteria that does not form spores. It infects the cell‚ multiplies within it; then‚ bursts the cell. Special effector protein factors are required
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