Cost-based pricing is the simplest pricing strategy. Using this strategy price is set by adding some mark-up to the cost of the product. This strategy works if firm’s prices are not too high as compared to the competition. (Kotler P. ‚ Armstrong‚ Saunders‚ & Wong‚ 2005) Another cost-oriented pricing strategy is Break-even Pricing. Firms determine the price at which they can recover manufacturing and marketing cost‚ or make targeted profit. (Nagle & Hogan‚ 2006) Competition-based Pricing is when
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Case Example Delhi Metro Case Problem • MD of Delhi Metro worried as Projected revenues were Rs 674.5 million below the projected costs for next year • Rs 200 million promise from State • A shortfall of Rs 474.5 million • Another possible source of fund – City funds Delhi‚ Noida and Gurgaon- But unlikely due to problems in city Budget • How to solve his pending budget crisis? Case Problem (continue………) • Mr. Sreedharan glanced through a Business magazine while his thoughts travel in the
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PLANNING Thinking and looking ahead Process of establishing objectives and appropriate courses of action before taking action Why plan? To be: a. EFFECTIVE – being able to realize the objectives - “doing the right thing” b. EFFICIENT – being able to spend the least amount of resources in realizing the objective - “doing things right” TYPES OF PLANS: 1. Strategic Plan - focused on the entire organization - top management formulates the objectives
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Site Planning and building form are very important from the point of view of seismic performance of the structure. Also it is very important to have proper compatibility of elements resisting seismic forces. Site Planning and selection of building forms is the first step in designing of any structure and the decisions taken are very crucial for the behaviour of those structures during any earthquake. Based on examples taken from various past earthquakes and theories this chapter gives guidelines
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Part 1: Description and explanation of innovation The Nomad Micro-Home Fig 1: taken from The Daily Mail’s publication (2013) The Nomad micro-home is essentially a flat-pack‚ self-assembly product. It is a two storey house with all of the mod-cons of contemporary living condensed or minimalized to provide a house that delivers a basic living area that makes the most of the available space by creating innovative ways of incorporating the material things needed for necessary habitation (Warren‚ 2013)
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Table of content Introduction 2 Habib Jewels 3 Micro environment 3 a) Customer. 3 b) Supplier. 3 c) Competitors. 3 d) Marketing intermediate 4 Macro environment 4 a) Political 4 b) Economic 4 c) Technology 4 Libresse 5 Micro environment 5 a) Customer 5 b) Company 5 c) Competitors 5 Macro environment 6 a) Cultural. 6 b) Economic 6 c) Natural 6 d) Demographic 6 Fair & Lovely 7 Micro environment 7 a) Company 7 b) Customer 7 c) Public 7 d) Competitor
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Subway as a large international company perform a big role in world’s background.As a restaurant chain‚ a lot of micro environmental factors influent on it. Those factors are: size‚ competitors‚ customers‚ market‚ target‚ finance‚ labour‚ suppliers. All of them influent on all companies in fast food business. Size: As it was mentioned Subway is one of the largest fast food companies. Like the other competitors it has stres all over the world. There are more than 25‚000 stores in 83 countries
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PROGRAM NAMA PELAJAR NO. MATRIK NAMA FASILITATOR AKADEMIK PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN Bil Deskripsi Muka Surat Introduction Micro environment is the specific or the task environment of a business which affects its working or operations directly on a regular basis. While the changes or transformation in the macro environment will affect the business in the long run‚ the effects
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MICRO AND MACRO MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Introduction Micro marketing Refers to the internal controllable factors or forces which affects the ability of a company to serve its customers. e.g. the organization‚ the market‚ the suppliers‚ market intermediaries and the marketing mix. The micro marketing environment that surrounds organisations can be complex by nature‚ however the company has an element of control over how it operates within this environment. Macro marketing Refers to the external
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Essentials of Planning and Managing by Objectives OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter‚ you should be able to: 1. Understand what managerial planning is and why it is important. 2. Identify and analyze the various types of plans and show how they relate to one another. 3. Outline and discuss the logical steps in planning and see how these steps are essentially a rational approach to setting objectives and selecting the means of reaching them. 4. Explain the nature of objectives. 5. Describe
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