Introduction Extraction is a purification technique used in organic chemistry to separate compounds from a mixture of two or more compounds. There are three different extraction techniques: liquid-liquid extraction‚ solid-liquid extraction and chemically active extraction. All three types of extraction follow the same principle. Organic molecules dissolve in organic solvents and polar molecules dissolve in aqueous solvents. This phenomenon is observed because of the intermolecular forces between
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used. The reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids will produce esters. Apparatus: Stopper‚ dropper‚ test tube‚ stopwatch‚ water bath‚ measuring cylinder (10ml) Chemical Reagents: Ethanol‚ n-Butanol‚ 2-Butanol‚ Alcohol X‚ Lucas reagent‚ 2-methyl-2-propanol‚ Concentrated H₂SO₄‚ 0.04 M Na₂Cr₂O₇‚ Glacial acetic acid Procedure (a) Lucas
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of being a derivative of these organic acids. Esters can be prepared by the reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols‚ with an inorganic acid used as a catalyst which is dubbed esterification. With o-hydrobenzoic acid‚ or salicylic acid‚ we are able to create acetylsalicylic acid otherwise known as aspirin as well as methyl salicylate‚ which is a component of oil of wintergreen. Both of which are used for pain relief/soreness. Salicylic acid is a member of the phenol class as their hydroxyl group
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Fischer Esterification Kyle Peterson Chem. 243a Matt Judd‚ Sec. 25 Date Performed: 10/15/03 Abstract: The objective of this experiment is to efficiently perform a fischer esterification of 1-Hexanol to form water and hexyl acetate‚ and to confirm the esterification with a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was found that 0.3963 grams hexyl acetate was formed with a percent yield of 33.2%. The product was confirmed using NMR‚ IR‚ and boiling point confirmation. Backround: A Fischer
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Time Corrected Ret. Time 1 0.720 0 2 1.088 0.368 Chloride: 9.0 mL Petroleum Ether: 3 mL Diethyl Carbonate: 0.250mL Methyl Benzoate: 0.250mL Table 4: GC 2
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formation of ASA. It is an organic acid anhydride and like most acid anhydrides‚ acetic anhydride is non-polar. Organic acid anhydrides is a organic compound that has 2 acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom. It is produced by the carbonylation of methyl acetate. When reacting acetic anhydride with aromatic rings an acid catalyst is usually used to speed up the
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Synthesis of Methyl Salicylate from Aspirin Esters are a class of organic compounds. An ester compromises an organic or inorganic acid in which one or more hydroxy (OH) groups have been replaced by and alkoxy (O-alkyl) group. For example‚ the simplest ester‚ methyl formate (CHOOCH3)‚ is made up of formic acid (CHO-OH) in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced by a methoxy group (-OCH3). Similarly‚ ethyl acetate (CH3CO-OCH2CH3) is made up of acetic acid (CH3CO-OH) in which the hydroxy group
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Benzocaine is the ethyl ester of paraaminobenzoic acid and as an ester it can be classified by Fischer esterification. Fischer esterification reactions typically include a carboxylic acid and alcohol as well as a dehydrating agent . Since esterification reactions are slow‚ a catalyst is required. The addition of the catalyst maximizes the yield of product (benzocaine) from the esterification since the reaction is reversible which means it tends to result in a low yield of product. For the synthesis
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INTRODUCTION: Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group‚ -COOH. This acid acts as a weak acid‚ which can react with a strong base. Carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonds with many water molecules and are more soluble with one to four carbon atoms. Also‚ it may have an R group that consist of hydrogen or an alkyl group that changes its water solubility. Carboxylic acids with low molecular weight have odor at room temperature and higher molecular weight
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NORTHERN CARIBBEAN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY‚ CHEMISTRY and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LABORATORY MANUAL Instructor: Dr. M. Wilson CHEM401: BIOCHEMISTRY for NURSES Prepared by: Oreane Collins CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REGULATIONS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Reference: http://www.sciencebyjones.com/safety_rules.htm Thanks to the Flinn Scientific Safety Rules for much of the below. General Guidelines 1. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times
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