What does conservation of energy mean? The principle that it is impossible to destroy or create energy. Matter can transform kinetic energy (energy of motion) to potential energy (stored energy) and vice versa. In all such energy transformations‚ total energy is conserved. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. What is potential energy? Stored energy‚ it’s energy that an object has because of its location or structure‚ such as the energy contained by water behind a dam or by a compressed spring
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process of the facilitated diffusion of glucose through a selectively permeable membrane. Introduction: Experiment #1 and #2 are meant to show the processes of Simple and Facilitated diffusion. Both the solutes and water were used to show how they diffuse through a semi permeable membrane. In experiment #1 the process of using the solute and deionized water shows how much of the solute is passed through the membrane. In experiment #2 the rate of facilitated diffusion relied on the amount of carrier
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to an area of low concentration. It goes through the phospholipid bilayer. Facilitated diffusion – Diffusion of particles through the cell membrane‚ assisted by transmembrane proteins. Carrier protein – Transmembrane protein that helps with diffusion of certain substances through a membrane. Active transport - Movement of substances through a membrane against a concentration gradient‚ uses carrier proteins and energy from ATP. Enzyme – A protein that speeds up chemical reactions. ATP (adenosine
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way‚ the stimulus going to the receptor surface. Receptors are electrically polarized cells and therefore have a resting membrane potential. Stimuli produce‚ in the appropriate receptors‚ a change in the electrical properties that is known as the receptor or generator potential. The two ways in which sensory stimuli can act on receptors to change their resting membrane potential (RMP) are by directly acting on ion channels or causing production of second messengers that act on ion channels. The
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muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric. 12) T 13) Muscle contraction will always promote movement of body parts regardless of how they are attached. 13) F 14) The effect of the neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its permeability properties temporarily. 14) T MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 15) Calcium ions bind to the ________ molecule in skeletal muscle cells. B) troponin
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In 1947‚ experiments in which small quantities of Ca2+ ions were injected directly into the cell showed that an increase in intracellular calcium led to skeletal contractions. However it was not until the early 1960s when the way calcium ions were stored in cells became clearer thanks to work from Ebashi and Lipmann. (Burgoyne and Petersen‚ 1997). Calcium signalling determines whether or not a cell is activated. It is determined by calcium-ON and calcium-OFF mechanisms. Calcium-ON is responsible
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Covering and Lining Membranes 1. Complete the following chart. Tissue types: membrane composition (epithelial/connective) Membrane Common locations General functions cutaneous mucous serous synovial 2. Respond to the following statements by choosing an answer from the key. Key: a. cutaneous ‚ ‚ ‚ b. mucous c. serous d. synovial 1. membrane type in joints‚ bursae‚ and tendon sheaths 2. epithelium of this membrane is always simple squamous epithelium 3. membrane types not found
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Introduction Cells have to interact with their environment‚ chemicals and water and in order to do so they must be able to move across the cell membrane and the cell. The movements within a cell are called Diffusion. When molecules move across a cell membrane it is known as Osmosis. Diffusion is the process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of higher concentration of that substance to areas of lower concentration. Diffusion can be the transfer of anything anywhere. However‚
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was centered around the diffusion across a cellular membrane and how exactly materials move and diffuse in concentrations. Both diffusion and osmosis are forms of movement that are part of passive transport dealing with cell membranes. Diffusion is where the solutes move from an area of high concentration to a low concentration. Water goes through the cell membranes by diffusion. Osmosis is specifically the movement of water through membranes. Since osmosis and diffusion are both part of passive
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different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments‚ or organelles. The endomembrane system has three major components; the plasma membrane‚ Golgi apparatus‚ and vesicles. The plasma membrane surrounds the outside of the cell. It is made up of a double layer of phospholipids and controls the movement of various substances into and out of the cell‚ both passively and actively. The plasma membrane separates
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