- - - - - - - 2 I. Piaget’s Cognitive Development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 II. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 III. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 7 IV. Vygotsky’s Socio Cultural Theory of Development- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 V. Learners with Exceptionalities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Abraham Maslow was a man who has a tremendous influence on early childhood education. Maslow’s theory was about achieving self-actualization with the satisfaction of human needs. According to Maslow’s theory basic needs have to be satisfied before any other higher level needs can be satisfied. “Abraham Maslow proposed what has become an almost definitive model of self-actualization with his theory of hierarchy of needs.” (Hanley‚ Abell‚ 2002). The hierarchy consists of five different levels
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Maslow’s hierarchy needs theory has both pros and cons. According to his theory only few people are able to achieve self-actualization without fulfilling other needs. According to his theory an individual cannot become fully self-actualized without satisfying one’s physiological needs‚ without love‚ without a sense of belonging‚ without self-esteem. Some would oppose this theory. Some might think that the things he defined as needs are not really needs. No one can deny that food‚ air‚ shelter are
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CHAPTER 5 MOTIVATION Maslow’s Need Hierarchy The crux of Maslow’s theory is that needs are arranged in a hierarchy. The lowest-level needs are the physiological needs‚ and the highest-level needs are the self-actualization needs. These needs are defined to mean the following: 1. Physiological. The need for food‚ drink‚ shelter‚ and relief from pain. 2. Safety and security. The need for freedom from threat‚ that is‚ security from threatening events or surroundings. 3. Belongingness‚ social
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Human motivational theories propounded by Maslow‚ Herzberg ‚ McClelland and Vroom Motivation is a term that refers to a process that controls‚ and sustains certain behaviours. For instance: An individual has not eaten‚ he or she feels hungry‚ and as a response he or she eats and decreases feelings of hunger. According to various theories‚ motivation may be rooted in a basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure‚ or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting‚ or a desired
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Maslow’s theory of needs tends to be treated as classical within the field of organisational behaviour‚ being referred to as a ‘classic among classics’ (Matteson‚ Ivancevich‚ 1989; Wilson‚ 1999). However I aim to prove that motivation theory is a much broader topic than the principles of Maslow with the use of two content theories; ‘two-factor theory’ and ‘Theory X & Theory Y’‚ as well as process theories; Expectancy Theory and Equity Theory. To further prove my point I will use Marx’s theory and
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Learning disabilities is caused by the way our brain develops. It appears they are triggered by a dysfunction of the central nervous system. For me having an insight into learning disability has provided me with awareness to the causes and the way care and treatment is provided. Markovna et al. 2004 define communication as a difficulty to receive‚ send and comprehend information as well as process verbal and non-verbal aspects. Communication is identified as one of the essential skills that students
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Children with learning disabilities are smart or smarter than their peers‚ but may have difficulty with things like reading‚ writing‚ reasoning‚ and organizing information by themselves. A learning disability is a lifelong issue that cannot be cured or fixed with a snap of the fingers. Children who have the right support and intervention can succeed in school. Then later they will be able to go and be successful later in life. Children with learning disabilities need the support of parents‚ school
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Understanding the context of supporting individual with learning disabilities. Unit | Questions | Answer | 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 | Identify legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights‚ inclusion‚ equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities. Explain how this legislation and policies influence
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Literature Review March 6‚ 2003 The first of the ten articles to be discussed examined a training program that consisted of an individualized‚ classroom-based social skills intervention. In the study‚ there were 45 children with learning disabilities 9-12 years old. These children were in self-contained special education classrooms. Thirteen children received intervention for 6 weeks and 7 children received intervention for 12 weeks. The remaining 25 children were in the control group‚
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