fit into one form of the market structure types of pure competition‚ monopolistic competition‚ oligopoly and monopoly. In each of the four market structure types‚ analyse and evaluate the Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm strategies a firm should pursue to sustain and improve on its profitability as much as possible. In the course of writing your assignment‚ you are required to use the SCP paradigm to evaluate the characteristics of the four market structure types‚ and how they impact
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MARKET STRUCTURE It is common to see similar products offered for sale at vastly different prices. For example‚ the price of a hotel room can vary from as low as £25 per night to several hundreds of pounds or more in the same city; the cost of gym membership will vary depending on the nature of the business organisation offering the service. An organisation’s ability to influence the price at which it sells its products is largely dependent upon the type of market in which it operates. The
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I. MARKET STRUCTURE We can classify firms by the roles they play in the target market: leader‚ challenger‚ follower‚ or nicher. Suppose a market is occupied by the firms shown in Figure 1.1. Forty percent of the market is in the hands of a market leader; another 30 percent is in the hands of a market challenger; another 20 percent is in the hands of a market follower‚ a firm that is willing to maintain its market share and not rock the boat. The remaining 10 percent is in the hands of market nichers
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the industry produce similar products and consumers have complete and accurate information about their prices. All firms have equal access to raw materials‚ capital‚ labor and technology. A perfectly competitive industry‚ therefore‚ has no single market leader or monopolistic firm. All participating companies are identically leveraged and each must offer high quality products to retain customers. Examples of perfectly competitive industries include those that offer agricultural products‚ such as
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When J. Willard Marriott opened his first nine stool A&W restaurant in Washington D.C. on May 20‚ 1927 he had no idea what his name would mean to the world one day. John Willard Marriott was born on September 17‚ 1900. He was from a farm in Utah where he spent his childhood and young adult ages working for his parents. Early on‚ J. Willard was a young mind looking for business. When he was old enough his dad let him travel for the family business. While he was going through Washington D.C. he
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WACC calculation: 1) Lodaging: For Risk free rate‚ we use the 30-year U.S. government interest rate to match the duration of lodge. rf = 8.95% For the expected return of the market portfolio‚ we use the average of S&P 500 index returns from 1926 – 87 as the proxy. rm = 12.01% Therefore‚ the Market Risk Premium‚ MRP = rm - rf = 12.01% - 8.95% = 3.06% The debt rate spread of lodging = 1.10% βD = spread of lodging / MRP = 1.1 / 3.06 = 0.3595 rD = rf + MRP * βD = 8.95% + 3.06% * 0.3595
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UNIVERSITY MARRIOTT CORPORATION BONDHOLDERS VERSUS EQUITY HOLDERS On October 5‚ 1992‚ Marriott Corporation announced a plan to restructure the company by splitting itself into two parts. The announcement caused immediate and opposite price movements for its stock and its bonds. Stockholders were happy and bondholders were in a furor‚ particularly those that bought a new issue of bonds in April. The Restructuring Plan The two separate companies were to be Marriott International and Host Marriott. The
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Marriott Corporation : The Cost of Capital( Abridged) (บริษัท Marriott : ต้นทุนของเงินทุน (สรุป) ในเดือนเมษายน 1988 Dan Cohrs รองประธานของโครงการการเงินที่บริษัท Marriott ได้มีการเตรียมตัวแนะนำรายปีสำหรับ Hurdle rates(อัตราส่วนลด)ของแต่ละแผนก 3 แผนก โครงการการลงทุนแต่ละจะถูกคัดเลือกโดยอัตราส่วนลดที่เหมาะสมของ แต่ละแผนก ในปี 1987 Marriott มียอดขายเติบโต 24 % ละ ROE มียอดขาย 22% และรายได้ต่อหุ้นเพิ่มขึ้น 2 เท่า จากเมื่อ4ปีก่อน และกลยุทธ์การดำเนินการมีเป้าหมายตามแนวโน้มนี้ต่อไป
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What is the overall weighted average cost of capital for Marriott Corporation? (Use a corporate tax rate of 34%). What type of investments would you value using Marriott’s WACC? Cost of debt：8.95%+1.3%=10.25% Cost of equity：8.95%+1.64*7.43%=21.14% 實際beta=1.11，根據exhibit 1，長期債務為24.99億美元，權益價值為35.64億美元(30元*118.8百萬股)，可以得出D/V=24.99/35.64=41%標的資本結構D/V=60%，所以必需做出調整。 V=D+E，D/V=41%，E/V=59% Beta of asset=(E/V)*beta of equity=0.59*1.11=0.655 Beta of equity=(V/E)*beta of asset=(1/0.4)*0.655=1.64 Risk free
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Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital T c=income taxes of 1987 / income before income taxes of 1987 = 175.9/398.9 = 44% Step 1:From the Exhibit 3 ß equity for each firm in this industry are below Marriot Corporation 1.11; Hilton Hotels Corporation .76 ; Holiday Corporation 1.35 La Quinta Motor Inns .89; Ramada Inns‚ Inc 1.36. Step 2: For each firm in the industry‚ to estimate bunlevered using the bequity estimate: bequity = [1 + (1-TC)Debt/Equity]bunlevered bunlevered of Marriot= 1.11/[1+(1-
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