Solubility and Functional Groups _______________________________________________________ You will recall from general chemistry that a solution has two components: the solvent‚ which is the substance present in greater amount‚ and the solute‚ which is dissolved in the solvent. Solubility is defined as the mass (in grams) of solute dissolved in 100 g of solute at saturation. Molar solubility is defined as the amount (in moles) of solute per liter of saturated solution. The solubility of one compound
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Unknown Ionic Compound ILI#3 Abstract: In this laboratory investigation‚ 8 solutions were combined with each other and an unknown liquid #1 in order to identify the ionic compound in the unknown solution. The students performed an experiment in which the reactions between each substance were compared to the unknown solution #1’s reactions and the color of each solution was compared to help find the unknown #1. The unknown ionic compound was identified to be Zinc Sulfate as the reactions between
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molecule with a positive or a negative charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. Ionic solids are salts (such as NaCl) that are held together by a strong force of attraction between ions of opposite charge. Molecules are the smallest physical units of an element or a (chemical) compound. Ionic solids are also known as salts because salts are ionic compounds that are formed from a reaction between an acid and a base. Hydrates are inorganic salts which contain specific numbers of
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Lizz Radican Lab 4 2/24/14 The Diels-Alder Reaction: Results and Problems 1.) Table 1: Mass‚ Percent Yield and Melting Points for Diels-Alder Reaction Products. Product Mass (g) Percent Yield Melting Points (°C) Anhydride 8.87 88.2% 164.4-165.8 Dicarboxylic Acid 3.20 71.9% 176.6-180.1 Unknown 1.66 111% 168.7-176.0 2.) See attached calculations. 3.) Table 2: Anhydride Product IR Data: Functional Group or Bond Peak Location(s) (cm-1) Peak Intensity Symmetric
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Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to analyze the trends of the atomic radius (AR) and the first ionization energy (IE) for the first 36 elements of the periodic table. Procedure: A piece of graph paper was given out by the teacher. A periodic table that has the atomic number‚ atomic radius (AR)‚ and first ionization energy (IE) was given out by the teacher. A sheet of paper was taken out to record the elements‚ atomic number‚ atomic radius (AR)‚ and the first ionization energy (IE). To record
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Lab: Ionic and Covalent Bonds Objectives • Understand the differences between ionic and covalent bonds. • Connect ionic and covalent bonds with physical properties of matter. Introduction Sugar and salt look so similar that most people cannot tell them apart without tasting them. Chemically‚ white refined table sugar‚ sucrose‚ and salt are very different. An ionic bond between a positive sodium ion and a negative chloride ion creates a molecule of sodiumchloride (NaCl). Covalent bonds between
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affecting solubility 1. Effect of Temperature For some substances to dissolve in a given solvent‚ heat is absorbed. The reaction is endothermic. In this case‚ an increase in temperature increases solubility. For some substances‚ heat is released when they dissolve in a given solvent. The reaction is called exothermic. In this case‚ an increase in temperature decreases solubility. Generally‚ an increase in temperature in the solubility of solids in liquids increases solubility. But for solubility of gas
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We reached our goals through our experimentation. We tested the solubility of each of the starting and ending materials in water‚ HCl‚ NaOH‚ toluene‚ and acetone. We discovered that the starting materials would only dissolve in toluene. To make the soap‚ we obtained about 10 mL of vegetable oil and 10 g of lard and we placed them both in separate 250 mL beakers. While we were stirring the compounds‚ we also added 15 mL of 6 M NaOH drop by drop and 1 mL of glycerol. We then heated our solutions
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Chemical Reactions Lab Objectives: 1. To examine a variety of reactions including precipitation‚ acid-base‚ gas forming‚ and oxidation-reduction reactions. 2. To identify the products formed in these reactions and summarize the chemical changes in terms of balanced chemical equations and net ionic equations. 3. To identify the species being oxidized and reduced in oxidation-reduction reactions and determine which species is the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. Chemical equations represent
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The main purpose of this lab is to experiment the molecular polarity on the solubility of solutes in variates of solvents and helped us to determine the polarity of the unknown solute. In this lab‚ we observed the effects of adding polar liquid solutes to non-polar liquid solvents. Materials used: Safety goggles 3 graduated cylinders ethanol‚C2H5OH solid iodine‚ I2 glycerol‚ C3H5(OH)3 water 10 rubber stoppers 10 test tubes kerosene ammonium chloride
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