pure practical reason to ‘‘frame the Rational with the Reasonable.’’ As seen in the Dewey Lectures Rawls emphasizes that ideal agents are not only rational‚ but must also reasonable. Rationality for Rawls carefully calculates the means which lead to certain ends‚ which may be traced to Kant’s hypothetical imperative or what Rawls terms empirical practical reason. Ideal moral agents not only learn how to achieve ends efficiently or rationally‚ but also how to achieve such ends by employing a moral
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recollection. In this way‚ the boy already possessed the knowledge to answer the question correctly. With this philosophy‚ truth is past-oriented. Past experiences and universal knowledge is the key to truth. Plato also had the philosophy of dyadic intuitionism. Intuition‚ Plato believed‚ is the basis of knowledge. Logical progressions need not be made to determine relationships and discover truth. Plato was closer to the side of the "Realm of Being" as opposed to the "Realm of Becoming". The Realm of
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based on logical reasoning. For example‚ humans tend to be impulsive based on certain situations or actions. Instead of thinking of the outcome of a situation one base their actions based on emotions and not thorough thinking of the outcomes. Intuitionism is based on instinct instead clear reasoning and
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Critically assess the view that the word “good” has no real meaning (35 marks) Meta ethics looks at ethical language and helps us to identify whether the word good is meaningful. Analytical statements are sentences that are true because of the relationship between the subject and the predicate. Analytical statements are usually self-explanatory‚ e.g. all carnivores eat meat; we know what a carnivore eats which is meat‚ the subject is the carnivore and the predicate here is the meat. Analytical statements
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Ethical statements could be said to be no more than expressions of emotion depending on whether you take a cognitive approach to meta-ethics or a non-cognitive approach‚ and which branch of that approach you believe in. Ayer was an emotivist and therefore took the non-cognitive approach to meta-ethics. He believed that ethical language is subjective and not objective. He said that ethical statements are merely expressions of liking or disliking a certain action‚ so if you say that ‘Murder is wrong’
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Links: Montaigne ’s Challenge Modern moral philosophy began as the effort to answer questions like those raised most effectively by Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592) Natural Law and Intuitionism The two earliest lines of thought were started simultaneously. Hugo Grotius (1583–1645)‚ a Dutch Calvinist lawyer‚ initiated a new understanding of natural law theory with his Law of War and Peace in 1625
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Chapter five is about Ethical and legal implications of practice. These are both important topics in the healthcare field. It is important to make ethical choices and understand the legal implications of the choices that you make. In this paper I will write about Ethical theories and principles‚ ethical viewpoints and decision making‚ and also the legal issues affecting respiratory care. Ethical theories and principles provide the foundation for all ethical behavior. Contemporary ethical principles
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A Brief Introduction to Russian Formalism Zhu Gang In the heyday of high modernism emerged a group of college students and young faculty in Moscow and Petersburg‚ Russia‚ whose interest was claimed to be literature per se. They were few in number‚ but their unmistakable insistence on the ideal status of literary study and stubborn pursuit for its realization has marked the beginning of a new era‚ and produced profound influence on the subsequent development of contemporary Western critical
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Autonomy is a concept found in moral‚ political‚ and bioethical philosophy. Within these contexts‚ it is the capacity of a rational individual to make an informed‚ un-coerced decision. Beneficence is action that is done for the benefit of others. Beneficent actions can be taken to help prevent or remove harms or to simply improve the situation of others. Non-maleficence means to “do no harm.” Physicians must refrain from providing ineffective treatments or acting with malice toward patients
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When considering the theory of morality. There are many different views about the guidelines humans should follow in order to be a good human and live in a functional environment. Monism‚ pluralism‚ and particularism are three different ideas about how one should make decisions. Pluralism seems to be the most plausible in our society. Monism states that there is one principle of rightness. An example of this is utilitarianism. The utilitarian view considers the optional‚ obligatory and forbidden
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