Blood‚ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue are all constituents of the cranium. The pressure within the cranium is known as intracranial pressure (ICP); it is the same as that found in the brain tissue and CSF. (2) The pressure-volume relationship between ICP‚ brain tissue‚ blood‚ volume of CSF‚ and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is known as the Monro-Kellie hypothesis.(12) This hypothesis states that the cranial compartment is considered as an enclosed and inelastic container‚ which has
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Chapter 57: Nursing Management: Acute Intracranial Problems Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Family members of a patient who has a traumatic brain injury ask the nurse about the purpose of the ventriculostomy system being used for intracranial pressure monitoring. Which response by the nurse is best? a. “This type of monitoring system is complex and it is managed by skilled staff.” b. “The monitoring system helps show whether blood flow to the brain is adequate.” c. “The ventriculostomy monitoring system
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for patients with an intracranial hemorrhage includes blood pressure management‚ increased intracranial pressure management‚ seizure prevention and management‚ and‚ depending on the severity and location of the hemorrhage‚ surgery (Teleanu & Constantinescu‚ 2014). Other complications the nurse practitioner should be aware of for patients
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1. Group A Strep is least likely to cause which of the following complications: a) scarlet fever b) necrotizing faciitis c) impetigo d) subacute bacterial endocarditis e) glomerulonephritis 2. Septra is used in AIDS patients to prevent which opportunistic organism? a) Pneumocystis carinii b) M. tuberculosis c) S. pneumoniae d) CMV e) Cryptococcus 3. Severe bloody‚ afebrile diarrhea is associated with what bacterial infection? a) Salmonella infection
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Recognition of abnormal Head CT findings 2013 Sue Crowley 2013 Sue Crowley Until the CT tech took images to show what the problem was 2013 Sue Crowley Content • • • • • • • • • Head Trauma Facial Trauma Intracranial hemorrhage Intercranial pressure Stroke Ruptured aneurysms Hydrocephalus Brain tumours Multiple sclerosis 2013 Sue Crowley The Canadian CT Head Rule head rule • will permit physicians to standardize care of patients with head injuries and to be much more selective in the use
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seizure and status epilepticus. What is the medical significance? Know benign febrile seizures. 23. Know the characteristics of closed head injury. 24. Define dyskinesia. Types? Characteristics? 25. Know the stages of intracranial hypertension. 26. Know normal intracranial pressure. How does body compensate for increased ICP? 27. Know the most critical index of nervous system dysfunction/function. 28. What is responsible for the tremors associated with Parkinsons Disease? 29. Define concussion
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Which pregnancy-related physiologic change would place the patient with a history of cardiac disease at the greatest risk of developing severe cardiac problems? Decrease heart rate Decreased cardiac output Increased plasma volume Increased blood pressure The priority nursing diagnosis for the patient with cardiomyopathy is: Anxiety related to risk of declining health status. Ineffective individual coping related to fear of debilitating illness Fluid volume excess related to altered compensatory
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hyponatraemia in neurosurgical patients with various disorders(2). With severe hyponatraemia defined in their study as less than 130mmol/l‚ hyponatraemia was more common in patients with pituitary disorders 6.25%‚ traumatic brain injury 9.6%‚ intracranial neoplasm 15.8% and subarachnoid haemorrhage 19.6%. Other studies shows a higher incidence in trauma with Moro et al finding a prevalence of 16.8%(2). Hyponatraemia creates an osmotic gradient between the brain and the plasma‚ which promotes the
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floats the spinal ! cord structures and acts as a buoyant property preventing the brain from tugging on the meninges‚ brain roots and blood vessels. The choroid plexuses produce the major portion of the CSF. CSF is reabsorbed by means of pressure gradient between the arachnoid villi and the cerebral venous sinuses. 5. - Review blood flow to the brain. (Pg 467-468) Review both pages and
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it is the secondary brain injuries that show few initial symptoms and then have serious side effects days to weeks later. 3. What is normal intracranial pressure (ICP)‚ and why is increased ICP so clinically important? Normal intracranial pressure ranges from 5 to 15 mm Hg. A sustained pressure above the upper limit is considered abnormal. Pressure changes in the brain effect the brain’s compliance.
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