the IR beam gets interrupted when someone is standing at the gate or passing through it. The transmitter circuit (see Fig. 1) is built around timer NE555 (IC1)‚ which is wired as an astable multivibrator producing a frequency of about 38 kHz. The infrared (IR) beam is transmitted through IR LED1. The receiver circuit is shown in Fig. 2. It comprises IR sensor TSOP1738 (IR RX1)‚ npn transistor BC548 (T1)‚ timer NE555 (IC2) and some resistors and capacitors. IC2 is wired as a monostable multivibrator
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Electromagnetic Waves It was once the great Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) who had presented that electric and magnetic fields unstable together can form a spreading wave‚ appropriately called an electromagnetic wave. The properties of an electromagnetic wave are as follows: 1. They can travel through a vacuum at the same high speed‚ which is much faster than other types of waves that travel through a material. 2. They show the normal wave properties of reflection‚ refraction
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technology) is a sub-discipline of military tactics and passive electronic countermeasures‚[1] which cover a range of techniques used with personnel‚ aircraft‚ ships‚ submarines‚ and missiles‚ to make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar‚ infrared‚[2] sonar and other detection methods. It corresponds to camouflage for these parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Development in the United States occurred in 1958‚[3][4] where earlier attempts in preventing radar tracking of its U-2 spy planes
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Vibration- Rotation Spectroscopy of HCl and DCl Purpose: To determine the fundamental vibration frequency and bond length for H35Cl‚ H37Cl‚ D35Cl‚ and D37Cl and to compare the isotope effects to theoretically predicted values. Introduction Vibration spectroscopy is one of the most important tools for the accurate determination of molecular structure. Vibration spectroscopy also plays an important role in environmental chemistry. For example‚ the albedo of the earth’s atmosphere is controlled by the
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A PROJECT REPORT ON AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH VISITOR COUNTER IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING By AKSHAY (07020102003) Under the guidance of Ast. Prof. TARUN BHATT AMRAPALI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES SHIKSHA NAGAR LAMACHUR‚ HALDWANI (263139) U.K Technical University; Dehradun. April‚ 2011 TABLE OF CONTENT * Certificate
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indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for general lighting. Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962‚ early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light‚ but modern versions are available across the visible‚ ultraviolet‚ and infrared wavelengths‚ with very high brightness.When a light-emitting diode is switched on‚ electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device‚ releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence‚ and the color of
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GAIT ANALYSIS AND RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES Gait analysis is the systematic study of animal locomotion‚ more specifically the study of human motion‚ using the eye and the brain of observers‚ augmented by instrumentation for measuring body movements‚ body mechanics‚ and the activity of the muscles. Gait analysis is used to assess‚ plan‚ and treat individuals with conditions affecting their ability to walk. It is also commonly used in sports biomechanics to help athletes run more efficiently and to identify
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chemistry‚ spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. It is more specific than the general term electromagnetic spectroscopy in that spectrophotometry deals with visible light‚ near-ultraviolet‚ and near-infrared‚ but does not cover time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Spectrophotometry involves the use of a spectrophotometer. A spectrophotometer is a photometer that can measure intensity as a function of
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close to its true value as you can. After you have found your values you can use those values to calibrate the system. After calibration the system will read the incoming voltage and correlate that to an angle measurement. Exercise 4: Using the infrared sensor we are able to find how far away some thing is. We took readings at measured intervals and correlated those readings to the measured distances. Results: Exercise 1: This was a quick exercise. Take readings
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Name Lab Section GTA Station 1. Grignard Reaction Post-lab report Fill out the appropriate sections below. Show all work. Your calculated answers need to match the answers in the table. Also‚ attach the benzophenone and product spectra. Indicate appropriate stretches including differences in both spectra. Results | | Amounts and units | |Initial
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