Synthesis of Phenols You can prepare phenols in large quantities by the pyrolysis of the sodium salt of benzene sulfonic acid‚ by the Dow process‚ and by the air oxidation of cumene. Each of these processes is described below. You can also prepare small amounts of phenol by the peroxide oxidation of phenylboronic acid and the hydrolysis of diazonium salts. Pyrolysis of sodium benzene sulfonate In this process‚ benzene sulfonic acid is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulting salt
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INFRARED By Johnny B. English Sr. SFTY 355 - Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Tim Deak May 29‚ 2013 Thermal radiation also known as infrared which is a form of light that can not be seen‚ we can only see visible light. Infrared gives us information that we would not be able to get from visible light. Because all object gives off some type of heat‚ yes‚ all objects even if the of cold or frozen. Cold or frozen objects only gives off a very small amount of heat‚ but this heat can be detected
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Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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INFRARED WAVES * Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light How They’re Made: Infra red waves are just below visible red light in the electromagnetic spectrum ("Infra" means "below"). You probably think of Infra-red waves as heat‚ because they’re given off by hot objects‚ and you can feel them as warmth on your skin. Infra Red waves are also given off by stars‚ lamps‚ flames and anything else that’s warm - including you. The detector
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Infrared Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry Lab 301A B. The purpose of this lab is to study Infrared Spectroscopy‚ which focuses on the study of the electromagnetic spectrum. The area to be studied is the infrared region‚ which is made up of gamma‚ X‚ and UV rays. We want to be able to identify spectra’s to their complementary structures. The background of this experiment particularly deals with the study of compound structure determination‚ and traits. We must be aware of the functional groups
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from the biggest to the smallest: Radio waves‚ Micro waves‚ Infrared‚ Visible light‚ Ultra Violet‚ X-rays and Gamma rays. Each of them has their own special use in everyday life. For example‚ to turn on a TV you need to use Radio waves‚ to heat your food you use Microwaves and X-rays are used to look into people’s bodies. Some waves‚ like Radio waves can be as big as a building or waves like Gamma rays can be as small as nuclei. Infrared light is in between the microwaves and visible portions of
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Preface Preface Acronyms‚ Abbreviations and Symbols About the Author 1 Introduction Electromagnetic Radiation Infrared Absorptions Normal Modes of Vibration Complicating Factors 1.4.1 Overtone and Combination Bands 1.4.2 Fermi Resonance 1.4.3 Coupling 1.4.4 Vibration–Rotation Bands References 2 Experimental Methods 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers 2.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometers 2.3.1 Michelson Interferometers 2.3.2 Sources and Detectors 2.3.3 Fourier-Transformation 2
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Yaman Mhd Fawaz Hawasly ID: 137215 DR/ Hala I-Infrared spectrometer and sampling techniques Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometry in chemistry is a quantitative measure of the reflection or transmission of material properties as a function of wavelength. It is more specialized than the term electromagnetic spectroscopy which is general in that spectrophotometry deals with near-ultraviolet‚ visible light‚ and near-infrared‚ but doesn’t cover the techniques of time-resolved spectroscopic
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the radiation 5. The major portion of radiation from long infrared is absorbed in the: A. corium of the skin B. Subcutaneous layers of the skin C. Stratum corneum D. Stratum mucosum 6. The major advantage of infrared heat lamp is: A. It filters out harmful ultraviolet rays B. Local metabolism is increased C. Erythema is produced D. It emits radiation only (ultraviolet rays) 7. The penetration of the infrared radiation to the skin tissue depends upon: A. Wavelength B. Intensity
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Infrared Remote Control Switch ABSTRACT Now a days‚ everyone wants to control their appliance wirelessly (i.e. remote control). Here is a simple tested and inexpensive remote control switch utilizing reading available components. The project is designed to operate electrical loads using a TV remote. The remote transmits coded infrared data which is then received by a sensor interfaced to the control unit. The system operates electrical loads depending on the data transmitted from the TV remote. Operating
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