attestation services or auditing services. These common accounting practices are needed and used in many different scenarios‚ and‚ more often than not‚ are performs by licensed certified public accountants‚ or CPA’s as part of a service to a business client. In order . to better figure out which‚ if any‚ of these services are needed‚ it is imperative that one understand the principal differences between the three.An assurance service is usually requested and completed when it is necessary to better
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Audit committee member toolkit June 2009 Table of contents Audit committee charter Example audit committee charter ..............................................................................................................................1 Audit committee report Example report of the audit committee ....................................................................................................................11 Financial expertise Audit committee financial expert questionnaire
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Aims and Objectives Every business has aims that they wish to achieve‚ they might be overall goals and purposes that the business was set up to fulfil. Aims can therefore be seen as not only long term‚ but in some cases‚ almost impossible to reach‚ Heinz aims for its tomato sauce to be the world’s favourite ketchup‚ on every table’ (every table; total Customer satisfaction). But this doesn’t the organisation from trying to reach the aim‚ and from always working towards it. Typical aims
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AUDIT EXPECTATIONS GAP Definition i) Liggio (1974a) defines it as the difference between the levels of expected performance as envisioned by the independent accountant and by the user of financial statements. The Cohen Commission (1978) on auditors’ responsibility extended this definition by considering whether a gap may exist between what the public expects or needs and what auditors can and should reasonably expect to accomplish. ii) According to Guy and Sullivan (1988)‚ there is a
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Introduction This paper aims to analyze the common-sized balance sheets and ratios of 12 companies in order to identify their respective industries (Please refer to the Appendix for an overview of the financial data). The balance sheets of the 12 companies are analyzed in four steps‚ as shown in the following table. Step Industry Common Characteristics Companies 1 Service Almost no inventories Inventory turnover negligible Major passenger airline Regional bank Temporary office
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average d. median average 3. easy d Auditors are responsible for determining whether financial statements are materially misstated‚ so upon discovering a material misstatement they must bring it to the attention of: a. regulators. b. the audit firm’s managing partner. c. no one in particular. d. the client’s management. 4. easy c The FASB definition of materiality emphasizes what class of financial statement users? a. Regulators. b. Informed investors. c. Reasonable persons
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turnover rate‚ so it is Commercial bank. Industry 5 has the highest ROA‚ which Network & other comm. Equip usually has‚ thus it is Computer software. Industry 8 has the highest Return on Sales‚ so it is the Industry of Oil production. Industry 9’s Return on Sales‚ Return on Assets‚ Return on Equity‚ Asset turnover‚ and Leverage are all the same as the Telecommunications line’s data‚ thus it is Mobile phone service provider. Industry 10 has negative Return on Sales‚ Return on Assets‚ hence it
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Audit Quality and Audit Firm Size: Revisited by Dan A. Simunic The University of British Columbia December‚ 2003 Background: 1. Audit quality is an important element of corporate governance – although it’s unclear whether audit quality and other aspects of corporate governance (e.g. director knowledge and independence) are fundamentally complements or substitutes. 2. Notion that audit quality varies systematically across classes of audit firms (now Big 4 vs. non-Big 4) has been
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Technology plays vital role in innovation. Over the years we have seen technology to evolve like a child burgeons into adulthood. Without technology‚ life would be more difficult than it already is. We are now living in a world which is technologically civilized‚ where almost all human activities involve the use of technology and every person wants to be recognized with a device or gadget which is technically advanced. Nowadays‚ computer serves an important part
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Question: Define audit and accounting risk‚ give 3 specific example of each type of risk and explain why they are called audit and accounting risk. * Accounting risk is the risk that errors associated with forecasts used in GAAP accounting estimates are not properly disclosed. Accounting risk is primarily the responsibility of accounting standards. It is dealt with only indirectly in accounting standards. For example: * Bad debts on loans had an historic rate of 1% of outstanding loans
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