century CE Crusades- Military adventures launched by western Christians to free Holy Land from Muslims. Temporarily captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms Salah-uh-Din- 12th century CE Muslim leader. Conquered most crusader outposts Ibn Khaldun- 1332-1406 century CE. Muslim historian. Developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors have cycle of 3 generations - strong‚ weak‚ and dissolute Shah-Nama- Written by Firdawsi in 10th-11th century CE. Tells history of Persia from creation
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Spread of Islam in North Africa The first influx of Muslims into Africa was during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad in which a group of citizens from Mecca fled to Ethiopia to escape prosecution. Islam swept across North Africa very early after the death of Muhammad‚ spreading from Egypt in the 7th century reaching all the way to the Atlantic by the 8th. The spread of Islam in North Africa is similar to the way Europeans colonized America in that it was a westward spread across the continent
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Challenges Facing the Youth in Today’s Society Most of the problems facing today’s youth are not restricted to any one ethnic or religious group‚ but affect young people generally. Most discussions on youth have focussed on issues such as drug abuse‚ crime‚ violence‚ sexuality and poverty. In addition to these‚ today’s youth are afflicted by new challenges. These include: 1. An Identity Crisis: Who am I? 2. Lack of self confidence and low self esteem: I am worthless 3. A sense of hopelessness:
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country tend to be safe and in control‚ there is no political unrest and revolts. Caliph Abu Ja’far Al-Mansur was very wary of the three groups which he said could be a stumbling block Abbasids and himself. The first group led by Abdullah ibn Ali‚ brother of Muhammad ibn Ali‚ the uncle Abu Ja’far himself. He served the Abbasid warlords. Widely known valor and courage. Followers of Abdullah bin Ali very much and very ambitious to become caliph. second group led by Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani‚ who made a
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FINAL PROJECT TOPIC: ISLAM VS BUDDHISM SUBMITTED TO: MAM SHAHLA DATE: 28TH/ MAY/2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Islam page 3 Buddhism page 4 Women in Islam page
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today. Abu Zar Ghifari (May Allah be pleased with him) reports that he asked the the Holy Prophet (Be His blessings and peace upon him) : “ Which mosque was constructed first of all on the earth?” he replied: “ Masjid Al Haram (Baitullah).” Imam Ibn-i- Katheer ( Be His blessings on him)has quoted a Hadith under the mentioned verse: Abdullah bin Amr bin Al’aas (May Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Holy Prophet (Be His blessings and peace upon him) said: “Adam and Hawa (Eve) constructed
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Allah merely forbids you from taking as friends those who have fought you in the religion and driven you from your homes and who supported your expulsion. Any who take them as friends are wrong doers. (Surat al-Mumtahana‚ 8-9) AHADITHS: 1) Anas ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Allah‚ peace and blessings be upon him‚ said‚ “When you judge‚ you must judge with justice; and when you kill‚ you must do so in the best way. Verily‚ Allah the Exalted is excellent and He loves excellence (al-ihsan)
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Sumaiya represents the third generation of Isma’ili Studies in the Hamdani Family. I give credit to Dr. Kamil Taha for a seminar essay he wrote detailing the Zanj Revolt‚ N.Y.U.‚ 1973‚ in which he usedAl-Tabari ( vols. 12 and 13‚ Beirut‚ 1962) and Ibn Al-‘Athir‚ (vol. 7‚ Beirut‚ 1965) as his main sources. Above all‚ Cf. A. Hamdani‚ loc.cit.‚ 2. 24 A. Hamdani‚ loc.cit.‚ 3; see also‚ Bernard Lewis‚ “An Interpretation of Fatimid History‚” in From Babel to Dragomans‚ Interpreting the Middle East:New
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The Battle of Tabuk The lofty and strong fort‚ which had been built by the side of a spring on the road leading from Hijr to Damascus in the border area of the territory of Syria‚ was called Tabuk. In those times Syria was one of the colonies of the Eastern Roman Empire. Its capital was Constantinople. Its frontier people were the followers of Christianity and the chiefs of the districts were satellites of the Ruler of Syria who himself took orders directly from the Roman Emperor. The rapid penetration
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comprehensive and restrictive meaning‚ riba is defined as “any increment incurred upon specific ribawi (usurious) items originated either from debt or trading transactions”. Apart from its literal meaning of “increase”‚ classical Islamic scholars such as Ibn Arabi‚ Mujahid and Tabari interpreted riba as an ‘increase without wealth (mal) attached to it’‚ or as ‘compensation for waiting’ or ‘increase of amount owing to the lenders due to the deferment of payment resulted from extension of original loan tenure’
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