Esterification Lab Introduction Esterification is an important part of organic chemistry that has many practical applications. Esterification can be used to make polymers. In most cases‚ esters are used for scents – they often smell fruity and sweet. In general‚ an esterification reaction results from a condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The carboxylic acid group loses an OH group‚ and the alcohol loses and H. For instance‚ the reaction between methanoic acid and methanol
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in our food are insoluble so they cannot be directly absorbed into our blood stream and assimilated into new products. The polymers have to be hydrolysed into smaller more coluble molecules by adding water. This process happens during digestion. Hydrolysis is catalysed by digestive enzymes. The large intestine absorbs water‚ salt and minerals. Like other parts of the digestive system‚ it has a folded wall. This increases the surface area for absorption. Bacteria that decompose some of the undigested
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Wall teichoic acids are anionic glycopolymers. They have many roles in gram – positive bacteria‚ like regulating cell division and they help prevent unregulated hydrolysis of peptidoglycan. Since teixobactin has the ability to bind to wall teichoic acid‚ it inhibits the synthesis of WTA. This inhibition contributes to the effectiveness of this antibiotic against gram – positive bacteria because preventing the synthesis
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DCITATION: http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/laundry/techfact/keychar.htm Surfactants * Positive Environmental Characteristic: Biodegrade readily to compounds with low toxicity. Example: Straight carbon chain compounds like linear alcohol ethoxylates or betaine esters. * Key Characteristics of Concern: Toxicity to aquatic organisms‚ like fish (vertebrates)‚ daphnids (invertebrates) and algae; persistence in the environment; toxicity of biodegradation byproducts. * Example: Alkylphenol ethoxylates--biodegrade
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Abstract: Enzymes are part of human’s everyday lives and improve the quality of living. Enzymes decrease activation energy which pertains to how much energy is needed for chemical reactions to take place. Enzymes also known as catalysts is one of the main factors in producing energy in individual’s bodies. The experiment conducted was to test how different temperatures effected the catabolizing of fungal and bacterial amylase‚ as well as the optimal temperature needed for the enzyme to correlate
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#15 Synthesis of Ethyl Salicylate from Salicylic Acid ____________________________________________________________ _______________ Purpose: Salicylic acid is converted to the liquid ethyl salicylate by addition of ethanol. Yields of salicylic acid (week 1) and ethyl salicylate will be found‚ as well as the overall yield of the 2-step conversion of acetyl salicylic acid to ethyl salicylate. Introduction: Esters are formed from the reaction of acids and alcohols: O O
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Decolorization of Crystal violet dye by Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from textile wastewater Sujata Mani and Ram Naresh Bharagava* Laboratory of Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR) Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM)‚ School for Environmental Sciences (SES) Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Vidya Vihar‚ Raebareli Road‚ Lucknow - 226 025 (U.P.)‚ India *Corresponding Author: Dr. R. N. Bharagava Tel.: (+91) 522-2998718; Fax: (+91)
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BIOLOGY REVIEW UNIT 1 BIOCHEMISTRY 1) Describe the structure of an atom and compare this to the structure of an ion. * Atoms have protons and neutrons in their nucleus making them electrically neutral 2) Complete the following table Element Name | Boron | Oxygen | Beryllium | Sodium | Symbol | B | O | Be | Na | Atomic # | 5 | 8 | 4 | 11 | # of Protons | 5 | 8 | 4 | 11 | # Neutrons | 6 | 8 | 5 | 12 | Total # electrons | 5 | 8 | 4 | 11 | #Electrons in 1st Shell | 2 |
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EXTRACTON OF SASAME OIL USING DIFFERENT METHODS OF EXTRACTION FOOD PROCESSING PRACTICAL (TFT 709) BY GROUP THREE MEMBERS ISMAILA AYUBA RAMADAN Submitted to Department of Food Technology University of Ibadan Lecturer-in-charge Dr. Akinoso Febuary‚ 2012 Abstract Oil extraction was carried out using two different extraction method (water and solvent) and the yield for different method were obtained. The free fatty acid for different oil was also determined
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IDENTIFYING GRAM POSITIVE COCCI As mentioned in Exercise 8‚ “Identifying Gram Negative Rods”‚ identifying bacteria is a common activity in the microbiology lab. Like the game Clue™‚ each time you gather a piece of information to solve the mystery‚ you gather some information that supports some identities and eliminates others from contention. In the lab‚ the process continues as you gather more information until only one microbe remains and all others have been eliminated as possibilities. Thus
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