Surface Water Pollution Freshwater makes up less than three percent of earth’s water‚ but is the source of virtually all drinking water.55 percent of that water comes from reservoirs‚ rivers‚ and lakes‚ These sources‚ called surface water‚ are vulnerable to pollution discharged out of pipes and precipitating out of the air but the primary source of their pollution today is runoff‚ pollutants washing off the land. These nonpoint or scattered sources are not easily traceable. fertilizers used
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West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education VidYasagar Bhavan No : DS(A)SD 9/2‚ Block lPvBl 861 42l2oL3 DJ‚ Sector-ll‚ Salt Lake‚ Kolkata - 91 Date :09.07.2013 NOTIFICATION Attn: All Heads of Higher Secondary lnstitutions has already This is to notify that west Bengal council of Higher secondary Education published the following Text Books : 1. 2. Blackswan English A & B for Class Xl and Xll - printed & distributed by Orient by Bengali A for Class Xl and Bengali
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These experiments were conducted to find the specific heat of a metal as well as the heat of solution of a solid. Both experiments required the use of calorimetry to measure heat flow and temperature change. The specific heat of the metal was found by heating it in boiling water before transferring it to the calorimeter that was partially filled with water. After shaking the calorimeter‚ the temperature change was measured and recorded. This information was used to calculate the specific heat. The
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No. 1: Heat Pump Experiment 1. Objective The objective of the experiment is to measure the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of a Heat Pump. 2. The experimental setup The equipment provided is a heat pump with pressure and temperature sensors placed at various locations. 3. Procedure Study the diagram and equipment provided and identify the various components of the Heat Pump – that is‚ the compressor (1-2)‚ the condenser (2-3)‚ the expansion valve (3-4) and the evaporator (4-1)
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in this report is heat transfer in a concentric tube heat exchanger. A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat from a hot fluid to a colder fluid. Heat exchangers are widely used in the petroleum industry for various reasons. Some of the most important reasons are theta heat exchangers increase the process efficiency‚ conserve energy‚ reduce maintenance and provide employee safety among many other reasons. The main objectives of the lab study were to determine the heat transfer rate‚ the
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HEAT TRANSFER Heat transfer‚ also known as heat flow‚ heat exchange‚ or simply heat‚ is the transfer of thermal energy from one region of matter or a physical system to another. When an object is at a different temperature from its surroundings‚ heat transfer occurs so that the body and the surroundings reach the same temperature at thermal equilibrium. Such spontaneous heat transfer always occurs from a region of high temperature to another region of lower temperature‚ as required by the second
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such as methane‚ however‚ have weak cohesion due only to Van der Waals forces that operate by induced polarity in non-polar molecules. Cohesion‚ along with adhesion (attraction between unlike molecules)‚ helps explain phenomena such as meniscus‚ surface tension and capillary action. Mercury in a glass flask is a good example of the effects of the ratio between cohesive and adhesive forces. Because of its high cohesion and low adhesion to the glass‚ mercury does not spread out to cover the bottom
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Heat of Neutralization for an acid-base reaction Contents: - Abstract - Introduction - Results and Discussions - Conclusion - References Abstract: In the experimental procedure we will measure the heat of neutralization when an acid and base react to form 1 mole of water. This quantity of heat is measured experimentally by allowing the reaction to take place in a thermally insulated Styrofoam cup calorimeter. The heat liberated in the neutralization reaction will
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light intensity onto the leaf’s surface and the surface area of the leaf. Hypothesis I think the light intensity could affect the surface area in the following way: ·A higher light intensity could make the surface area of the leaf larger. The reason I think a higher light intensity could make the surface area larger is the fact that there would be a larger amount of chlorophyll‚ containing chloroplasts‚ for photosynthesis. By having leaves of a larger surface area‚ there would be a much more efficient
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CHAPTER 3 Response surface methodology 3.1 Introduction Response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building. By careful design of experiments‚ the objective is to optimize a response (output variable) which is influenced by several independent variables (input variables). An experiment is a series of tests‚ called runs‚ in which changes are made in the input variables in order to identify the reasons for changes in
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