Enron is frequently given as an example of creative accounting. It is also given as a good example of accounting fraud and insider trading. This is a good example of creative accounting taken too far - not many would disagree that it was accounting fraud‚ although some would say they were just unlucky to get caught. after all‚ the auditors were Arthur Anderson‚ at the time one of the most respected auditing firms. Creative Accounting – Example 1 – Creating multiple trading entities The creative
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a local disposal service company asked for help keeping itself afloat. Orinda-Moraga Disposal Services wanted to raise rates on its customers and needed the Contra Costa Sanitation District’s approval. However‚ the company had recently stated its desire to lower rates. The wary city manager hired forensic accountant Dan Ray to uncover the truth. After examining Orinda-Moraga’s records‚ Ray discovered that the company sent checks to non-existent people at several companies that had fake addresses
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financial ratio. Financial ratios may be calculated in different ways‚ using different figures (Gibson and Cassar‚ 2005). Financial Ratio helps to outline a large volume of financial data into a concise form so it is easy to interpret and conclude the performance and position of the firm. 1.2 Ratio Analysis There are two steps that ratio analysis needs to be follow. First‚ the calculation of ratio has to be done. Second‚ the ratio has to compare with predetermined standards. Predetermined standards can
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Enron: Questionable Accounting Leads to Collapse The Enron Corporation was established by integrating two major gas pipelines in 1985. The Company provided products and services related to natural gas‚ electricity‚ and communications and it was one of the world’s leading organizations at these sectors with claimed revenues of nearly $101 billion in 2000. Throughout the 1990s‚ Chair Ken Lay‚ chief executive officer Jeffrey Skilling and chief financial official officer Andrew Fastow transformed
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COMMENT EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION DURING ECONOMIC TURMOIL Student[1] I. INTRODUCTION The economic downturn in late 2008 brought forth the resurgence of an interesting topic - executive compensation. This topic was bound to bring much controversy as a result of the dramatic increase in executive compensation over the last decade[2] and the recent massive failure of many large companies.[3] Adding to the public interest was the 2008 United States Presidential Election‚ which
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Philip A. Agre says that‚ “Computer networks have a tremendous capacity... to bring people together by extending the already diverse and complex ties that people have among themselves.” The Internet technology connects almost everyone‚ but it also has its complications. This paper focuses on one main problem Internet users may encounter. It is limited through certain books‚ dictionaries‚ and internet sources that are accessible. The writer used books for facts and figures‚ dictionaries for descriptive
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the following questions based on the film Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room (2005). 1. (a) Describe the ownership structure at Enron. (b) How did the ownership structure contribute to the Enron scandal? (15 points) When Enron became a publicly traded company‚ the employees and executives had more incentive to manipulate earnings and financials. With the shift in structure‚ there were more external stakeholders to satisfy‚ which caused the company to focus on short-term results‚ rather than
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MEDICAL FRAUD In this abstract‚ I will explain the specifics of my research and a detailed outline of my paper. Understanding the topic of medical fraud and off labeling is important‚ especially for consumers who participate in the use of prescription drugs. It is imperative to understand what your doctor is prescribing and knowing the specific uses of said drug. Off labeling may occur and recognizing this fact will only benefit a wise consumer and make them aware of the risks of using a drug
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1 Fraud Fraud can be defined as any activity that leads to the obtaining of financial advantage of causing of loss by implicit or explicit deception. It is the mechanism through which the fraudster gains an unlawful advantage or causes unlawful loss. There are many different types of fraud‚ I would like to mention some of the well known fraud types in the area of the Internet‚ which is an area where more than one billion peole are in touch with everyday. Fraud Terminology • Auction Fraud : involves
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leading company. ANNOUNCER: And a devastating collapse. VOICE: Enron is a corporate Chernobyl. VOICE: You had the entire system playing fast and loose. VOICE: It is not just Enron‚ it’s an industry problem. LYNN TURNER‚ SEC Chief Accountant (1998-2001): It is real‚ real damage to the country. ANNOUNCER: Why didn’t anyone sound an alarm? VOICE: The watchdogs work for executives and Wall Street. They don’t work to protect shareholders. ANNOUNCER: Correspondent Hedrick Smith investigates how greed and
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