Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors are Reliably Important? Murray Z. Frank1 and Vidhan K. Goyal2 First draft: March 14‚ 2003. Current draft: December 20‚ 2003. ABSTRACT This paper examines the relative importance of 38 factors in the leverage decisions of publicly traded U.S. firms from 1950 to 2000. The most reliable factors are median industry leverage (+ effect on leverage)‚ market-to-book ratio (-)‚ collateral (+)‚ bankruptcy risk as measured by Altman’s Z-Score (-)‚ dividend-paying
Premium Asset Balance sheet Debt
risk is one of the main determinants of a firm`s capital structure. By looking at the trade off theory we might expect a negative association when risk and leverage are concerned. If firms have high earnings volatility‚ for some obvious reasons‚ they would not want to indulge in debt financing. It follows that when firms are exposed to bankruptcy and agency costs greater is the incentive to reduce the level of debt otherwise the more volatile a firm`s earnings are‚ the more risk is there of defaulting
Premium Finance Debt Corporate finance
Running Head: WORKING CAPITAL POLICY Working Capital Policy Mariano Santana University of Phoenix Table of Contents Introduction. 3 Danaher’s Working Capital. .. .3 Cash Balance Requirements..... ...3 Credit Policy .4 Supplier Negotiation Strategy ..4 Short-term Financing Strategy .5 Metrics.. . . .5 Ethical Implications
Premium Finance Corporate finance Working capital
Chapter 12 Capital Structure and Leverage LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter‚ students should be able to: • Explain why capital structure policy involves a trade-off between risk and return‚ and list the four primary factors that influence capital structure decisions. • Distinguish between a firm’s business risk and its financial risk. • Explain how operating leverage contributes to a firm’s business risk and conduct a breakeven analysis‚ complete with
Premium Capital structure Weighted average cost of capital Debt
OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE INTRODUCTION This report tries to visualize “OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE” and represent the facts that include features of capital structure‚ determinants of capital structure‚ and patterns of capital structure‚ types and theories of capital structure‚ theory of optimal capital structure‚ risk associated with capital structure‚ external assessment of capital structure and some assumption related to capital structure. BROAD OBJECTIVE • To determine features of capital structure
Premium Finance Corporate finance Capital structure
Capital Structure and Profit Capital Structure Definition A unite of a company’s long-term debt‚ specific short-term debt‚ common equity and preferred equity. The capital structure is how a firm finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds. Debt comes in the form of bond issues or long-term notes payable‚ whereas equity is classified as common stock‚ preferred stock or retained earnings. Also‚ Short-term debt such as working capital requirements is considered
Premium Finance
Capital Structure Practice Problems 1. Hayfin Enterprises has the following operating results and capital structure: Hayfin Enterprises ($000s) | | | Financial Data | | Revenue | $ 6‚000 | Operating Expenses | $ (4‚500) | EBIT (Operating Profit) | $ 1‚500 | | | Debt | $ 1‚200 | Equity | $ 8‚800 | Total Capital | $ 10‚000 | Interest rate on debt = 9% Share price = $25 (MV = BV) The firm is contemplating
Premium Finance Debt Stock market
Diageo PLC Terms of reference: The main purpose of this report is to highlight the main problems which Diageo PLC is facing by using SWOT analysis which analyses strengths‚ weaknesses‚ opportunities and threats of the business. Introduction: Diageo PLC is the leader of an alcoholic drinks in the world operating in 180 countries providing customers with wide range of premium drinks such as vodka‚ whisky‚ wine and beer. Furthermore the main problem that the company is facing is that they have
Free Alcoholic beverage Alcoholism Wine
Executive Summary 1.1 Introduction to the Firm ‘Diageo is the world’s leading premium drinks business with an outstanding collection of beverage alcohol brands across spirits‚ wine and beer categories. These brands include: Smirnoff‚ Johnnie Walker‚ Captain Morgan‚ Baileys and José Cuervo.’[1] Here at Diageo we hold an enviable position of market leader for a variety of spirits and ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages. This market
Premium Alcoholic beverage New product development Marketing
Diageo is a UK success story. With a net sales close to £10Bn*‚ Diageo has 25‚000 employees working globally across 180 countries. It is the acknowledged market leader in the global drinks industry and its 370 brands include category leaders and household-name brands such as Smirnoff (vodka)‚ Guinness (beer) and Johnnie Walker (whisky). Great marketing and branding are central to Diageo’s success. Creativity in advertising and promotions in particular is a critical factor. Diageo excels in
Premium Advertising Trademark Guinness