ASSIGNMENT no : 2 SUBMITTED by : ADEEL ZAFAR SUBMITTED to : SIR RIZWAN ROLL no : 11014156-047 SECTION : BS IT (AF) SUBJECT : PAKISTAN STUDIES Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Constitutional Development 3. Concept of a Federation 3.1 Distribution of Powers 3.2 Concurrency 3.3 Residuary Subjects 4. 1973 Constitution and Concurrent Legislative List 5. Recent Political Developments in Pakistan 6. Conclusions and likely future scenarios 7. Recommendations
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software may reproduce this publication for the purpose of learning to use such software. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes‚ such as selling copies of this publication or for providing paid-for support services. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors. Apple 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino‚ CA 95014 408-996-1010 www.apple.com The Apple logo is a trademark of
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Answer Scheme for Test 2 Operating System 1. a) What is synchronization? (1m) - Synchronization is an act of ensuring that independent processes/threads begin to execute a designated block of code at the same time b) How does a race condition happen? (2m) - Incorrect timing in accessing same shared resource c) Explain TWO possible solutions of handling critical section?(2m) - Disabling interrupt prevents processes/threads to be in the critical section at the same logical time - Software solution
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Chapter-1: Exercise Solution 1.1 In a multiprogramming and time-sharing environment‚ several users share the system simultaneously. This situation can result in various security problems. a. What are two such problems? b. Can we ensure the same degree of security in a time-shared machine as in a dedicated machine? Explain your answer. Answer: a. Stealing or copying one’s programs or data; using system resources (CPU‚ memory‚ disk space‚ peripherals) without proper accounting. b. Probably not‚ since any
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History of Android Operating System Android‚ Inc. was founded in Palo Alto‚ California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger)‚ Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications‚ Inc.)‚ Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile)‚ and Chris White (headed design and interface development at WebTV) to develop. Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17‚ 2005‚ making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Google. Key employees of Android Inc.‚ including Rubin‚ Miner and White‚ stayed at the company after
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What is the need of Operating System in a Computer? Explain the facilities provided by an operating system to its users. Also explain the services that are offered by the Operating System Ans: An operating system is an essential software component of a computer system. The basic objectives of an operating system are to make the computer system convenient to use and to utilize computer hardware in an efficient manner. We can define an operating system as a large collection of software‚ which manages
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Process | Arrival Time | Burst time | Priority | P1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | P2 | 1 | 6 | 1 | P3 | 3 | 9 | 3 | P4 | 6 | 1 | 2 | P5 | 10 | 6 | 4 | P6 | 15 | 7 | 2 | For Shortest-Job-First without preemption: (ignore the priority column‚ given above‚ for this one‚ priority is used in the non-preemptive priority algorithm) Check the arrival times. P1 arrives at time = 0‚ and its burst time is time = 3‚ so P1 will complete its execution at time = 3‚ because it starts at time = 0 and its burst time
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Explain the purpose of an operating system Process Management A multitasking operating system may give the appearance that a lot of processes are running concurrently/simultaneously‚ this is not true as only one process can be executing at any one time on a single-core CPU‚ unless on a multi-core or similar technology. Processes are often called tasks in embedded operating systems. The function of the task or process is something that takes up time‚ as opposed to memory‚ which is ’something that
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Intelligent Building Automation System (IBAS) has the ability to monitor and control various facilities within the building so as to offer its users or occupants with effective security‚ improved productivity‚ human comfort‚ and efficient energy management. The main IBAS subsystems include Heat‚ Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)‚ Lighting Systems‚ Life and Safety System‚ and Access Control. This thesis focuses on the design implementation and development of HVAC and lighting controllers
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memory are lost. In contrast‚ the contents of disk memory are retained even when the computer system is shut down. Main memory is also referred to as real memory or primary memory. • I/O modules: Move data between the computer and its external environment. The external environment consists of a variety of devices‚ including secondary memory devices (e. g.‚ disks)‚ communications equipment‚ and terminals. • System bus: Provides for communication among processors‚ main memory‚ and I/O modules. One of the
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