The so-called Kashmir problem came into being almost with the independence of the country. Through 50 years have passed‚ the problem still remain unsolved. Kashmir still remains the most important source of friction between India and Pakistan. The British withdrew from India on 15th august‚ 1947. The princely Indian states were given the option either to (a) accede to India; (b) accede to Pakistan (c) become independent. No serious difficulties arose in the case of the other states. But the position
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In September of 1947 the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was realised and hatched‚ the eventuality of the intelligence reformation in the United States occurring after the Second World War. Less than a year before this date a Joint Congressional Investigation had come to the inevitable conclusion that the Pearl Harbour attack illustrated America’s need for a unified command structure and a more efficient centralised intelligence system. In an attempt to bring these conclusions into realisation
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hundred princely states in India that were given the choice of joining the Paksitani union or the Indian union. Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu King of the dogra dynasty‚ and was given a choice to join either state. While he was dithering between joining India or becoming an independent country‚ the Pakistani army attacked Kashmir from the west‚ thinking it would be a quick battle. But the King of Kashmir asked India for help. India agreed to help on the condition that Kashmir would be part of the
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are native to these mountains. Jammu and kasmir with its variety of geographical regions‚ climates and vegetation has many delights to offer the wildlife enthusiast. Perphas no animal better epitomises the character and concerns of the mountain environment than the snow leopard‚ a beautiful and elusive survivor from the frigid Pleistocene era. Though its range is immense‚ extending over the entire Himalayan range‚ it is most advantageously sought in jammu and kashmir especially in the high ranges
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VI‚ Issue 2 141 Robert Solomon and monetary integration in western Europe‚ going back to the early postwar era. Trade among those countries was liberalized under the Marshall Plan‚ while restrictions were retained on imports from the United States. Six continental European countries established the Coal and Steel Community (the Schuman Plan) in 1952. The European Economic Community came into existence as a customs union or “common market” in 1958 among the same six nations. In 1970 they put
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These claims are often reinforced with partisan interpretation of history and selective evidence. The real attitude and concrete policies towards the dispute‚ however‚ are often governed by perception of short term “national interests” as defined by dominant political elite of the two countries the interests that apparently are irreconcilable and non-negotiable. While each side sticks to its claims over Kashmir‚ the Kashmiri Muslims continue to pay a heavy price for their defiant struggle against
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Yanda Swares Gita 016 201 200 111 IR<deff>2012 Class 1 Semester 5 I. Introduction ASEAN’s HISTORY In August 1967‚ when ASEAN was founded‚ Southeast Asia was at the center of world events. Indonesia had recently been at war with Malaysia‚ trying to prevent the creation of Malaysia out of former British colonies. The Second Indochina War was raging‚ following the withdrawal of France in 1954 and the end of the First Indochina War that year. In Malaysia‚ a powerful communist insurgency had only recently
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announced a donation of Rs. 2 crores to the Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund to aid in ongoing disaster relief operations in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. "The Mahindra Group shares the distress and concern of the Prime Minister and the people of India‚ over the tragedy that has befallen the people of Jammu & Kashmir. This donation is our contribution to the state‚ to help it overcome this terrible catastrophe‚" said Anand Mahindra‚ Chairman‚ Mahindra Group. In addition to this donation‚ Mahindra
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State formation * Inquiry into the phases and processes associated with the development of the modern state * Seeks to establish where‚ when‚ how and why the state has come into existence Statualization * Gianfranco Poggi * The process through which non-state social formations acquire and develop the "practices of rule" and general characteristics associated with the modern state State: Defining characteristics 1. Population * Resides
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The most significant process of state emerging in Europe was in XV-XVII centuries. In XIX century‚ the European states took a modern form that became the ideal type of state as the most famous definition from the German sociologist‚ Max Weber: “is a human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory” (1958‚ 78). The formation of the ideal type had identified the followed politics within the new social organization in the historical
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