GENERAL OBJECTIVE: On completion of the seminar students will acquire in depth knowledge regarding gastroesophageal reflux disease‚ gain skills in identifying & managing the conditions and develop a positive attitude about nurse ’s role. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: On completion of seminar students will be able to * Define gastro oesophageal reflux disease * Enlist the risk factors for GERD * Explain the pathophysiology of GERD * List down clinical manifestations GERD * Describe
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CHAPTER II RELATED LITERATURE Blumea balsamifera(sambong) A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) is a native flowering or weed that is endemic in the Philippines and other tropical countries. It is a popular herb especially for its healing properties including antidiarrhetic‚ antigastralgic‚ expectorant‚ stomachic‚ and antispasmodic‚ among others. Aside from these‚ sambong is also popular for being emmenagogues‚ or for stimulating menstruation or the blood flow
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ANTI-INFECTIVES Anti-infective agents are drugs that are designed to act selectively on foreign organisms that have invaded and infected the body of a human host. Ideally‚ these drugs would be toxic to the infecting organisms only and would have no effect on the host (or human) cells. OVERVIEW • Antimicrobial therapy (often termed “antibiotic therapy”) is the use of medications to treat infections caused by bacteria‚ viruses‚ and fungi. • Antimicrobial must use selective toxicity to kill
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Levels of Prevention The three levels of prevention in the community settings are; primary prevention‚ secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. With these three levels of prevention it helps the individual‚ the people and the community to attain better and good health. First the primary prevention‚ which focus mainly on health education‚ health promotion primary. This activity is concerned in preventing the specific illness or disease. The U.S. Preventative Services Task Forces’ Guide to
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The antibacterial activity of natural killer cells. Introduction Natural killer (NK) cells‚ a variety of granular lymphocyte‚ are the first line of defence against infections and cancer. First identified by their ability to “naturally” kill tumour cells previously unrecognised by the host (Kiessling et al.‚ 1975)‚ these bone marrow-derived innate killers were later recognised as a sepa-rate lymphocyte lineage‚ obtaining both cytotoxicity and cytokine-producing effector functions (Trinchi-eri
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detecting inflammation‚ ulcers‚ and tumours of the stomach‚ oesophagus and duodenum. Endoscopy also allows the taking of biopsies (small tissue samples) which help in determining a diagnosis. Biopsies can help in detecting infections such as Helicobacter and Giardia. Biopsies are also used in detecting Coeliac disease and Lactase
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El Camino College Compton Educational Center Summer 2010 General microbiology lecture part review questions for final exam Adapted by Dr. Eyob Wallano 1. Which is mismatched? A. parasitism – one organism benefits and the other receives no benefit B. competition – one organism gives off substances that inhibit or kill other organisms C. predator – seeks out and ingests live prey D. scavengers – feed on live to dead cells and wastes E. omnivores – feed on plants and flesh 2. The conversion of
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MICROBES AND FOOD – A ‘RELATIONSHIP’ Microbes and food have always had a love-hate relationship. Food producers have learned to harness their power -- and sometimes for good use. There is no doubt that organically grown fruits and vegetables are superior in flavor. Now‚ despite arguments to the contrary made by food manufacturers‚ they may well be more nutritious for a variety of reasons. There are always studies available to prove any point‚ especially one
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Should animals be used for scientific research and experimentation? From ancient times‚ humans have relied on animals for their survival either as food (sheep‚ cow) or for competition (horses) and companionship (dogs). As humans became more familiar to their environment‚ they then also started utilizing animals for attainment of knowledge dating back to the days of the great physician Galen (129-200 AD)‚ who used animals to exhibit that arteries contain blood and not the air (qtd. in Giridharan)
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Microorganisms are classified according to their structure. By means of flow charts‚ diagrams and tables explain the differences between Viruses‚ Bacteria‚ Cyanobacteria‚ Achaea and Fungi. Bacteria or bacterium are unicellular microorganisms. They are essentially only a few micrometres long and form of various shapes including the spheres‚ rods and spirals. A BACTERIAL CELL Illustration courtesy of Wikipedia. A Virus (from the Latin noun virus‚ meaning toxic or poison) is a sub-microscopic
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