(MEC 2700) LABORATORY MANUAL JULY 2007 Table of Contents Experiment 1: Heat Capacity of Gases Experiment 2: Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Metals Experiment 3: Heat Pump Experiment 4: Heat Conduction Experiment 5: Free and Forced Convection Experiment 6: Thermal Radiation Experiment 1: Heat Capacity of Gases 1. BACKGROUND The first law of thermodynamics can be illustrated
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Fi l +m = Fil + Fim Ji Gij qij i‚ Ji‚ Ai qij=(JiJj)/(1/AiFij) blackbody Ji=Ei(T) function of temperature Radiation network to find flux or potential 40 to 50 % ison radiation Heat exchanger U fouling factor will increase the resistance of heat transfer. how to include into the overall equation (mcp)h Th‚ in Tc‚ out (mcp)c Tc‚in You want to know the cooling effect energy conservation Q= {mcp(Th‚iTh‚o)}h ={mcp(Tc‚oTc‚i) }c Delta Tlm log mean
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Vocabulary: • Conduction- the passage of energy‚ particularly heat or electricity‚ through something • Rate of Change- the ratio of the difference in values of a variable during a time period to the length of that time period • Calorimeter- an apparatus for measuring the amount of heat given out or taken in during a process such as combustion or change of state. The measurements are often made by observing the amount of solid liquefied‚ or liquid vaporized‚ under set conditions. • Conservation
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Science 10 Forced Convection (in a cross flow heat exchanger) Summary The aim of this lab is to determine the average convective heat transfer coefficient for forced convection of a fluid (air) past a copper tube‚ which is used as a heat transfer model. Introduction The general definition for convection may be summarized to this definition "energy transfer between the surface and fluid due to temperature difference" and this energy transfer by either forced (external
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UNSTEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFER Heat transfer processes are prominent in engineering due to several applications in industry and environment. Heat transfer is central to the performance of propulsion systems‚ design of conventional space and water heating systems‚ cooling of electronic equipment‚ and many manufacturing processes (Campos 3). Unsteady state conduction is the class of heat transfer in which the temperature of the conducting medium varies with time and position. This occurs frequently in
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situation for thick pipes is‚ however‚ more complex. [pic] The figure shown above represents the condition in a thick walled pipe. The area for heat flow is proportional to the radius – as may be seen‚ the area at the outside wall of the pipe is much greater than the middle. As a result the temperature gradient is inversely proportional to the radius. The heat flow ‘per unit length of pipe’ at any radius r‚ is [pic] cf. [pic] Note: Area‚[pic] Note there is no length of pipe (l) in this equation
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HEAT TRANSFER LECTURE 1 OUTLINE Introduction Heat Conduction Forced Convection Natural Convection Application of Conduction & Convection Thermal Radiation Application of Radiation Introduction What does the subject of heat transfer deal with? And why it is important. What does the subject of mass transfer deal with? Heat transfer is the science that deals with the study of rates of exchange of heat between hot and cold bodies.
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3 Methods of Heat Transfer Now in Physics we learn that there are three methods of heat transfer‚ this being: Radiation‚ Conduction‚ and Convection. Let’s start with radiation; radiation is the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves. So basically it does not need to directly touch anything or move any particles around‚ much like convection and conduction do. Radiation mostly occurs through empty space‚ so I think a good example of radiation would be when you feel warm in front of a fire
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3213 Heat and Mass Transfer Dr. Mah Shee Keat/ Mr. Chong Kok Chung 201501 Tutorial 2 1) A one dimensional plane wall of thickness 2L = 80 mm experiences uniform thermal energy generation of ?̇ = 1000 W/m3 and is convectively cooled at ? = ±40 mm by an ambient fluid characterized by ?∞ = 30℃. If the steady state temperature distribution within the wall is ?(?) = ?(?2 − ? 2 ) + ? where a = 15 ºC/m2 and b = 40 ºC‚ what is the thermal conductivity of the wall? What is the value of the convection heat
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and observe the concept of Heat Transfer‚ by measuring the temperature distribution for steady state conduction of energy through a specific efficient unit. • Understand the Fourier Law of heat conduction and the usage of its equation in determining the rate of heat flow via solid materials. II. Theory : The Fourier Rate Equation: When a plane section of ∆x and a constant area A maintains a temperature difference ∆T‚ then the heat transfer rate per unit time by conduction
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